Normal flora of conjunctiva and lid margin, as well as its antibiotic sensitivity, in patients undergoing cataract surgery at Phramongkutklao Hospital

Figures & data

Table 1 Patients’ characteristics

Characteristics	N	%
Sex
Female	71	59.17
Male	49	40.83
Age, years (mean±SD)	70.05±8.48 (39–80)
Type of surgery
ECCE + IOL	5	4.17
ICCE	1	0.83
PE + IOL	114	95.00
Eye
LE	55	45.83
RE	65	54.17
Underlying disease
DM	37	30.83
HT	79	65.83
DLP	27	22.50
SLE	1	0.83

Abbreviations: ECCE + IOL, extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation; ICCE, intracapsular cataract extraction; PE, phacoemulsification; LE, left eye; RE, right eye; DM, diabetes mellitus; HT, hypertension; DLP, dyslipidemia; SD, standard deviation; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.

Table 2 Bacterial flora isolates from lid margin and conjunctiva

Bacterial isolates	n	%
Lid margin
Coagulase-negative staphylococcus	70	58.33
Streptococcus spp.	3	2.50
Micrococcus spp.	2	1.67
Corynebacterium	2	1.67
Staphylococcus aureus	1	0.83
Conjunctiva
Coagulase-negative staphylococcus	36	30.00
Streptococcus spp.	1	0.83

Table 3 Coagulase-negative staphylococci associated with patients’ underlying disease (lid margin area)

Diseases	Absence	Presence	P-value
	n (%)	n (%)
DM			0.300
DM	18 (48.65)	19 (51.35)
Normal	32 (38.55)	51 (61.45)
HT			0.006
HT	40 (50.63)	39 (49.37)
Normal	10 (24.39)	31 (75.61)
DLP			0.096
DLP	15 (55.56)	12 (44.44)
Normal	35 (37.63)	58 (62.37)
SLE			0.41a
SLE	1/100	–
Normal	49 (41.18)	70 (58.82)

Notes: Statistical analysis: chi-square test;

a Fisher’s exact test, significant at P⩽0.05.

Abbreviations: DM, diabetes mellitus; HT, hypertension; DLP, dyslipidemia; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.

Table 4 Coagulase-negative staphylococci associated with patients’ underlying disease (conjunctival area)

Diseases	Absence	Presence	P-value
	n (%)	n (%)
DM			0.028
DM	31 (83.78)	6 (16.22)
Normal	53 (63.86)	30 (36.14)
HT			0.001
HT	63 (79.75)	16 (20.25)
Normal	21 (51.22)	20 (48.78)
DLP			0.05
DLP	23 (85.19)	4 (14.81)
Normal	61 (65.59)	32 (34.41)

Notes: Statistic analysis: chi-square test;

†Fisher’s exact test, significant at P⩽0.05.

Abbreviations: DM, diabetes mellitus; HT, hypertension; DLP, dyslipidemia.

Table 5 Age-related bacterial isolates (lid margin area)

Characteristics	Absence	Presence	P-value
	n (%)	n (%)
Age (years)			0.793
<60	6 (50.00)	6 (50.00)
60–69	14 (40.00)	21 (60.00)
>70	29 (39.73)	44 (60.27)

Note: Chi-square test.

Table 6 Age-related bacterial isolates (conjunctival area)

Characteristics	Absence	Presence	P-value
	n (%)	n (%)
Age (years)			0.738
<60	8 (66.67)	4 (33.33)
60–69	26 (74.29)	9 (25.71)
>70	49 (67.12)	24 (32.88)

Note: Chi-square test.

Table 7 Antibiotic sensitivity

Antibiotics	%
Cefazolin
Sensitive	100
Resistant	0
Tobramycin
Sensitive	98.67
Resistant	1.33
Levofloxacin
Sensitive	100
Resistant	0
Moxifloxacin
Sensitive	100
Resistant	0