Serum hypercoagulability states in Coats’ disease

Figures & data

Figure 1 Clinical appearance of a patient with Coats’ disease. (A and B) The fundus image of a patient with Coats’ disease with exudative total retinal detachment. There is central arteriolar mild dilation and tortuosity. Peripheral telangiectatic vessels along aneurysmal changes are visible. Many microvascular shunts nearly in 360° of periphery and midperiphery of retina are evident. (C and D) Angiographic finding as telangiectatic vessels, microaneurysms, sacular aneurysms, shunt vessels and peripheral avascular area in temporal and inferior retina.

Table 1 Coats’ disease based on the age category: demographic features

Features	Age ≤10 years (13 cases) N (%)	Age >10 years (9 cases) N (%)	Fisher’s exact test P-value
Sex
Male	8 (61.5)	6 (66.7)	1.00
Female	5 (38.5)	3 (33.3)
Eye affected
Right	8 (61.5)	5 (55.6)	0.23
Left	5 (38.5)	4 (44.4)
Laterality
Unilateral	10 (76.9)	9 (100)	0.23
Bilateral	3 (23.1)	0 (0)
Telangiectatic vessels	10 (76.9)	4 (44.4)	0.51
Aneurysms	9 (69.2)	4 (44.4)	0.37
Exudation	9 (69.2)	9 (100)	0.13
Subretinal fluid	10 (76.9)	5 (55.6)	0.52
Tractional retinal detachment	6 (46.2)	3 (33.3)	0.50
Subretinal fibrosis	5 (38.5)	1 (11.1)	1.00
Retinal traction	2 (15.4)	2 (22.2)	0.70
Subretinal hemorrhage	3 (23.1)	1 (11.1)	1.00
Vitreous hemorrhage	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.00
Pre-retinal hemorrhage	3 (23.1)	0 (0)	0.53
Vasoproliferative tumor	2 (15.4)	2 (22.2)	0.52
Retinal cyst	5 (38.5)	2 (22.2)	1.00
Pigmentary changes	6 (46.2)	2 (22.2)	0.48
Cystic changes in vitreous	0 (0)	1 (11.1)	0.09
Fibroglial tissue	4 (30.7)	1 (11.1)	0.41
Subretinal band	3 (23.1)	1 (11.1)	0.53
Retinal fold	2 (15.4)	1 (11.1)	0.10
Vascular sheeting (arterioles and/or venules)	8 (61.5)	2 (22.2)	0.25
Vascular occlusion (large arterioles and/or venules)	3 (23.1)	0 (0)	0.49
Peripheral non-perfusion (more temporal)	6 (46.2)	1 (11.1)	0.68
Shunt vessels	1 (7.6)	0 (0)	0.68
Retinal tear	2 (15.4)	0 (0)	0.50

Table 2 Coats’ disease based on the age category: comparison of serum values with normal controls

Features	Age ≤10 years median (range)			Age >10 years median (range)
	Coats’ disease group (13 cases)	Control group (9 cases)	Mann–Whitney (P-value)	Coats’ disease group (9 cases)	Control group (10 cases)	Mann–Whitney (P-value)
Age (Mo)	48 (2–120)	48 (36–108)	0.48	276 (144–708)	708 (204–984)	0.07
WBC (×10^3/dL)	8.8 (5–61)	6.8 (5–101)	0.10	7.5 (5.5–9.5)	8.6 (5–11.3)	0.35
Hb (g/dL)	13.3 (9.4–15)	12 (11–14)	0.36	15.3 (13.4–16.6)	15.4 (13.4–16.9)	0.90
PLT (10^3/dL)	372.5 (260–627)	354 (222–490)	0.61	281 (211–463)	242 (201–312)	0.31
Serum anti-HSV IgG <20 (U/mL)	0.2 (0.1–52.8)	7.0 (3.4–160)	0.004	3.8 (0.1–201)	201 (3–201)	0.02
Serum anti-CMV IgG <1 (U/mL)	197.0 (0.8–501)	69.6 (4.9–127)	<0.01	454 (124.8–501)	298 (76.3–501)	0.37
Protein C (70–130 unit%)	86 (54–99)	84 (50–105)	0.80	104 (52–138)	105.5 (95–131.5)	0.87
Protein S (male: 77–143, female: 55–125 unit%)	82 (60–115)	63 (30–11)	0.11	86 (76–114)	76.5 (56–98)	0.04
Homocysteine	7 (5.2–10)	5 (5–7.4)	0.03	11.8 (8.1–19.8)	19.6 (9.6–53)	0.30
Serum albumin (g/dL)	41.5 (35.9–49.4)	46.1 (29.1–49.8)	0.05	41.4 (33–46.8)	42.7 (35.5–46.8)	0.36
Serum α1 globulin (2–6 g/dL)	4 (2.1–6)	3.3 (2.9–3.9)	0.05	4.3 (3.2–6)	4 (2.2–5.1)	0.23
Serum α2 globulin (8–13 g/dL)	16.6 (11.4–20.5)	16.3 (14.9–20.9)	0.88	12.6 (11.8–16.2)	15.5 (12–18.7)	0.006
Serum β globulin (12–19 g/dL)	18.7 (15.7–21.8)	15.2 (13.5–17.1)	<0.001	18.2 (16.1–21.9)	16.2 (14.8–22.2)	0.05
Serum γ globulin (15–25 g/dL)	20.8 (9.1–29.6)	20.7 (15.5–22.6)	0.52	22.8 (20.7–28)	20 (18–28.1)	0.04

Abbreviations: CMV, cytomegalovirus; Hb, hemoglobin; HSV, herpes simplex virus; IgG, immunoglobulin G; Mo, month; PLT, platelet; WBC, white blood cell count.

Table 3 Coats’ disease comparison with controls: adjusted to age and sex as confounding factors (logistic regression)

Variables	P-value	OR (95% CI)
Age	0.82	0.99 (0.9–1.0)
Sex	0.16	0.12 (0.00–2.3)
Serum anti-HSV IgG	0.01	0.94 (0.95–0.99)
Serum anti-CMV IgG	0.07	1.01 (0.99–1.00)
Serum beta globulin	0.02	1.80 (1.0–3.1)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HSV, herpes simplex virus; CMV, cytomegalovirus; IgG, immunoglobulin G; OR, odds ratio.