Incidence of outer retinal tubulation in eyes with choroidal neovascularization under intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in a Japanese population

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient characteristics according to the type of choroidal neovasculopathy

Background factors	Total	t-AMD	PCV	RAP	mCNV
Number of patients	136	37	75	13	11
Age (years)	71.6±9.2	73.3±10.3	71.0±7.63	78.0±7.5	63.8±8.1
Sex ratio (male:female)	87:49	21:16	55:20	8:5	2:9
Follow-up (months)	51.0±12.1	48.9±12.4	51.7±12.1	47.6±11.5	52.3±8.3

Note: Data presented as mean ± SD.

Abbreviations: t-AMD, typical age-related macular degeneration; PCV, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy; RAP, retinal angiomatous proliferation; mCNV, myopic choroidal neovascularization.

Figure 1 Incidence of ORT.

Notes: (A) Overall incidence of ORT among the included patients. (B) Incidence of ORT among the included patients according to the type of CNV. *P<0.01.
Abbreviations: ORT, outer retinal tubulation; CNV, choroidal neovascularization; t-AMD, typical age-related macular degeneration; PCV, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy; RAP, retinal angiomatous proliferation; mCNV, myopic choroidal neovascularization.

Figure 2 Pathological changes in optical coherence tomography findings that precede the formation of subretinal hyperreflective material and ORT.

Notes: (A) A case of PCV with overlying SHRM. At baseline, a large retinal pigment epithelial detachment, an SHRM (white arrow head), and an abnormal vascular network are observed as a double layer. At 7 months, the boundary of the SHRM becomes clear. At 22 months, two large open ORTs (white arrow head) are seen on either side of the fovea, containing hyperreflective dots inside; the SHRM becomes a heterogeneous mass (white arrow). At 28 months, segmental small ORT (white arrow head) is seen on the homogeneous subretinal fibrosis (white arrow). (B) A case of t-AMD with mixed lesions containing type-1 and -2 CNV components. At baseline, the CNV directly intrudes into the outer layer of the retina, and the RPE line is disrupted (white arrow head). Exudative changes with intra-retinal fluid and fibrin can be seen. At 4 months, the scarring CNV becomes a more solid mass, and the RPE line is disrupted across a wide range. At 15 months, a small ORT (white arrow head) is seen on a heterogeneous SHRM (white arrow). The stump of the remaining ISe line is rolled on the opposite side (asterisk). At 25 months, the hyperreflective mass became homogeneous (white arrow). The ORT cannot be recognized because of the large amount of intraretinal fluid.
Abbreviations: ORT, outer retinal tubulation; PCV, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy; SHRM, subretinal hyperreflective material; t-AMD, typical age-related macular degeneration; CNV, choroidal neovascularization; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium; VA, visual acuity; Mo, months; ISe, inner segment ellipsoid.

Figure 3 Incidence of subretinal fibrosis.

Notes: (A) Overall incidence of subretinal fibrosis among the included patients. (B) Incidence of subretinal fibrosis among the included patients according to type of CNV.
Abbreviations: CNV, choroidal neovascularization; t-AMD, typical age-related macular degeneration; PCV, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy; RAP, retinal angiomatous proliferation; mCNV, myopic choroidal neovascularization; CNV, choroidal neovascularization.

Table 2 Results of univariate analysis between the ORT(+) and ORT(−) groups

Background factors	ORT(+), n=50	ORT(−), n=86	P-value
Age (years)	72.0±9.0	71.6±9.3	0.692
Sex ratio (male:female)	26:26	67:25	0.006
VA	0.67±0.43	0.41±0.36	<0.001
SRF	23	43	0.729
Intra-retinal fluid	38	17	<0.001
Subretinal fibrosis	49	19	<0.001

Notes: Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact test or the Mann–Whitney test, as appropriate. Patients with ORT also exhibited lower visual acuity at the baseline and final visit (0.67±0.41 and 0.88±0.45, respectively) than patients without ORT (0.41±0.35 and 0.41±0.3, respectively; both P<0.001).

Abbreviations: ORT, outer retinal tubulation; VA, visual acuity; SRF, subretinal fluid; +, with; −, without.