Ptosis after glaucoma surgery

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient demographics

Demographics
Variables	No ptosis (%)	Ptosis (%)	P-value
Age			–
Mean	67.23±12.76	64.11±13.14
Gender			0.31
Male	63 (79.7)	16 (20.3)
Female	67 (85.9)	11 (14.1)
Eye			0.17
Left	63 (78.8)	17 (21.3)
Right	67 (87.0)	10 (13.0)
Ptosis			–
No		130 (82.8)
Yes		27 (17.2)

Table 2 Variables for ptosis

Variables	No ptosis (%)	Ptosis (%)	P-value
Surgical time			0.79
Mean	79.82±29.50	81.44±28.42
Duration of steroid			0.75
<4 weeks	7 (77.8)	2 (22.2)
<8 weeks	58 (86.6)	9 (13.4)
<12 weeks	49 (80.3)	12 (19.7)
>12 weeks	16 (80.0)	4 (20.0)
Type of speculum			0.07
Lieberman	5 (83.3)	1 (16.7)
Netland	12 (94.4)	1 (5.6)
Wire	17 (65.4)	9 (34.6)
Mitomycin C			0.12
No	111 (81.0)	26 (19.0)
Yes	19 (95.0)	1 (5.0)
Prior surgery			0.60
No	84 (84.0)	16 (16.0)
Yes	46 (80.7)	11 (19.3)
Combined surgery			0.02
No	87 (78.4)	24 (21.6)
Yes	43 (93.5)	3 (6.5)
Type of surgery			0.04
Filtering*	61 (89.7)	7 (10.3)
Shunting**	69 (77.5)	20 (22.5)

Notes:

* Filtering surgery includes trabeculectomy and Express.

** Shunting surgery includes Ahmed and Baerveldt.

Table 3 Relationship between age categories and ptosis

Age category	Ptosis (3 months)		Total
	No (%)	Yes (%)
<60 years of age	30 (76.9)	9 (23.1)	39
60–69 years of age	32 (74.4)	11 (25.6)	43
70–79 years of age	50 (94.3)	3 (5.7)	53
>80 years of age	18 (81.8)	4 (18.2)	22
Total	130	27	157
Chi-square test1
	Value	df	Asymptotic significance(2-sided)
Pearson chi-square	8.038*	3	0.045
Likelihood ratio	9.170	3	0.027
Linear-by-linear association	2.798	1	0.094
N of valid cases	157
Symmetric measures2
	Value		P<0.05
Phi	0.226		0.045
Cramer’s V	0.226		0.045
N of valid cases	157

Notes:

* 1 cell (12.5%) have expected count <5. The minimum expected count is 3.78.

1 Chi-square test: statistical method assessing the relationship between observed and expected categorical values.

2 Symmetric measures determine strength of relationship between the observed and expected categorical values.

Table 4 Relationship between non-combined surgery and ptosis

Combined surgery	Ptosis (3 months)		Total
	No (%)	Yes (%)
Non-combined	87 (78.4)	24 (21.6)	111
Combined	43 (93.5)	3 (6.5)	46
Total	130 (82.8)	27 (17.2)	157
Chi-square test1
	Value	df	Asymptotic significance (2-sided)
Pearson chi-square	5.207a	1	0.022
Continuity correctionb	4.201	1	0.040
Likelihood ratio	6.046	1	0.014
Linear-by-linear association	5.174	1	0.023
N of valid cases	157
Symmetric measures2
	Value		P<0.05
Phi	0.182		0.022
Cramer’s V	0.182		0.022
N of valid cases	157

Notes:

a 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count <5. The minimum expected count is 7.91.

b Computed only for a 2×2 table.

1 Chi-square test: statistical method assessing the relationship between observed and expected categorical values.

2 Symmetric measures determine strength of relationship between the observed and expected categorical values.

Table 5 Relationship between type of surgery (shunting or filtering) and ptosis

Type of surgery	Ptosis (3 months)		Total
	No (%)	Yes (%)
Shunting*	61 (89.7)	7 (10.3)	68
Filtering**	69 (77.5)	20 (22.5)	89
Total	130 (82.8)	27 (17.2)	157
Chi-square test1
	Value	df	Asymptotic significance (2-sided)
Pearson chi-square	4.014a	1	0.045
Continuity correctionb	3.205	1	0.073
Likelihood ratio	4.202	1	0.040
Linear-by-linear association	3.989	1	0.046
N of valid cases	157
Symmetric measures2
	Value		P<0.05
Phi	0.160		0.045
Cramer’s V	0.160		0.045
N of valid cases	157

Notes:

* Shunting surgery includes Baerveldt and Ahmed implants.

** Filtering surgery includes trabeculectomy and Express.

a 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count <5. The minimum expected count is 11.69.

b Computed only for a 2×2 table.

1 Chi-square test, statistical method assessing the relationship between observed and expected categorical values.

2 Symmetric measures determine strength of relationship between the observed and expected categorical values.

Table 6 Relationship between non-combined surgery and type of surgery

Combined surgery	Type of surgery		Total
	Shunt* (%)	Filter** (%)
Non-combined	71 (64.0)	40 (36.0)	111
Combined	18 (39.1)	28 (60.9)	46
Total	89 (56.7)	68 (43.3)	157
Chi-square test1
	Value	df	Asymptotic significance (2-sided)
Pearson chi-square	8.169a	1	0.004
Continuity correctionb	7.189	1	0.007
Likelihood ratio	8.148	1	0.004
Linear-by-linear association	8.117	1	0.004
N of valid cases	157
Symmetric measures2
	Value		P<0.05
Phi	0.228		0.004
Cramer’s V	0.228		0.004
N of valid cases	157

Notes:

* Shunting surgery includes Baerveldt and Ahmed implants.

** Filtering surgery includes trabeculectomy and Express.

a 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count <5. The minimum expected count is 19.92.

b Computed only for a 2×2 table.

1 Chi-square test, statistical method assessing the relationship between observed and expected categorical values.

2 Symmetric measures determine strength of relationship between the observed and expected categorical values.

Table 7 The relationship between type of surgery and age

Type of surgery	Age categories (years)			Total
	<60 (%)	60–69 (%)	>70 (%)
Filtering*	17 (25.0)	16 (23.5)	35 (51.5)	68
Shunting**	22 (39.0)	27 (30.3)	40 (44.9)	89
Total	39 (24.8)	43 (27.4)	75 (47.8)	157

Notes:

* Filtering surgery includes trabeculectomy and Express.

** Shunting surgery includes Baerveldt and Ahmed implants. There was no clinical significance between age and type of surgery.