In vitro release of two anti-muscarinic drugs from soft contact lenses

Figures & data

Table 1 Material properties of lenses used in this study

Commercial name	1-Day Acuvue Moist	1-Day Acuvue TruEye	Biomedics 1 Day	Proclear 1 Day	Dailies Total One	Focus Dailies	Focus Dailies Progressive	Biofinity Multifocal	Proclear 1 Day Multifocal	Proclear Multifocal
Manufacturer	Johnson & Johnson	Johnson & Johnson	CooperVision	CooperVision	Alcon	Alcon	Alcon	CooperVision	CooperVision	CooperVision
US adopted name	Etafilcon A	Narafilcon A	Ocufilcon B	Omafilcon A	Delefilcon A	Nelfilcon A	Nelfilcon A	Comfilcon A	Omafilcon A	Omafilcon B
Water content (%)	58	46	58	60	33 (>80 at surface)	69	69	48	60	62
Center thickness at −3.00 D (mm)	0.084	0.085	0.07	0.09	0.09	0.10	0.11	0.08	0.09	0.16
Oxygen permeability (×10^−11)	17	100	13	18	140	26	26	128	18	20
Oxygen transmissibility (×10^−9)	20	118	19	20	156	26	24	160	20	12
FDA group	IV	V	IV	II	V	II	II	V	II	II
Principle monomers	HEMA + MA + PVP	mPDMS + DMA + HEMA + TEGDMA + PVP	HEMA + MA	HEMA + PC	Unpublished	PVA	PVA	FM0411M + HOB + IBM + M3U + NVP + TAIC + VMA	HEMA + PC	HEMA + PC
Multifocal design	–	–	–	–	–	–	Progressive center near/distance surround	D and N lenses, spherical central and surround zones and progressive intermediate between	Aspherical, center near, distance surround	D and N lenses, spherical central and surround zones and progressive intermediate between
Replacement frequency	Daily	Daily	Daily	Daily	Daily	Daily	Daily	Monthly	Daily	Monthly

Notes: For non-silicone hydrogels, oxygen permeability and transmissibility are calculated from the published water content and thickness values. For silicone hydrogels, values are reported from the manufacturer.⁴⁴

Abbreviations: DMA, N,N-dimethylacrylamide; FDA, US Food and Drug administration; FM0411M, α-methacryloyloxyethyl iminocarboxyethyloxypropyl-poly(dimethylsiloxy)-butyldimethylsilane; HEMA, poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate; HOB, 2-hydroxybutyl methacrylate; IBM, isobornyl methacrylate; M3U, αω-bis(methacryloyloxyethylimin ocarboxy ethyloxypropyl)-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-poly(trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane)-poly(ω-methoxy-poly(ethyleneglycol)propyl methylsiloxane); MA, methacrylic acid; mPDMS, monofunctional polydimethylsiloxane; NVP, N-vinylpyrrolidone; PC, phosphorylcholine; PVA, polyvinyl alcohol partially acetalized with N-(formylmethyl)acrylamide; PVP, polyvinylpyrrolidone; TAIC, 1,3,5-Triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione; TEGDMA, tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate; VMA, N-Vinyl-N-methylacetamide.

Table 2 Milligrams of drug released per lens into 4 mL of PBS after 24 hours

Lens material	Milligrams of drug released (standard deviation) per loading solution
	10 mg/mL atropine	10 mg/mL pirenzepine	1 mg/mL atropine	1 mg/mL pirenzepine
Etafilcon A	1.026 (0.035)	0.341 (0.039)	0.156 (0.004)	0.147 (0.004)
Ocufilcon B	0.979 (0.024)	0.321 (0.027)	0.174 (0.006)	0.151 (0.005)
Omafilcon A (SV)	0.575 (0.031)	0.536 (0.033)	0.104 (0.006)	0.091 (0.004)
Omafilcon A (MF)	0.540 (0.029)	0.524 (0.028)	0.099 (0.007)	0.089 (0.004)
Omafilcon B (MF)	0.840 (0.013)	0.631 (0.026)	0.110 (0.003)	0.125 (0.008)
Narafilcon A	0.385 (0.012)	0.264 (0.009)	0.047 (0.005)	0.037 (0.0002)
Nelfilcon A (SV)	0.310 (0.021)	0.294 (0.009)	0.027 (0.003)	0.047 (0.013)
Nelfilcon A (MF)	0.328 (0.019)	0.280 (0.024)	0.038 (0.007)	0.044 (0.004)
Comfilcon A (MF)	0.316 (0.007)	0.291 (0.019)	0.034 (0.005)	0.047 (0.002)
Delefilcon A	0.266 (0.013)	0.200 (0.006)	0.052 (0.014)	0.026 (0.001)

Note: SV and MF denote the single vision and multifocal variant of a particular lens material, respectively.

Abbreviation: PBS, phosphate-buffered saline.

Figure 1 Atropine release over 24 hours in 4 mL of PBS from contact lenses after 24 hours of uptake in 10 mg/mL atropine solution.

Notes: Bars represent standard deviation. ▲, etafilcon A; ◆, ocufilcon B; □, omafilcon B (MF); ○, omafilcon A (SV); Δ, omafilcon A (MF); ●, narafilcon A; ✹, nelfilcon A (SV); ◇, nelfilcon A (MF); ⋆, comfilcon A (MF); ∇, delefilcon A (n=4/ material). SV and MF denote the single vision and multifocal variant of a particular lens material, respectively.
Abbreviation: PBS, phosphate-buffered saline.

Figure 2 Atropine release over 24 hours in 4 mL of PBS from contact lenses after 24 hours of uptake in 1 mg/mL atropine solution.

Notes: Bars represent standard deviation. ▲, etafilcon A; ◆, ocufilcon B; □, omafilcon B (MF); ○, omafilcon A (SV); Δ, omafilcon A (MF); ●, narafilcon A; ✹, nelfilcon A (SV); ◇, nelfilcon A (MF); ⋆, comfilcon A (MF); ∇, delefilcon A (n=4/ material). SV and MF denote the single vision and multifocal variant of a particular lens material, respectively.
Abbreviation: PBS, phosphate-buffered saline.

Figure 3 Pirenzepine release over 24 hours in 4 mL of PBS from contact lenses after 24 hours of uptake in 10 mg/mL pirenzepine solution.

Notes: Bars represent standard deviation. ▲, etafilcon A; ◆, ocufilcon B; □, omafilcon B (MF); ○, omafilcon A (SV); Δ, omafilcon A (MF); ●, narafilcon A; ✹, nelfilcon A (SV); ◇, nelfilcon A (MF); ⋆, comfilcon A (MF); ∇, delefilcon A (n=4/ material). SV and MF denote the single vision and multifocal variant of a particular lens material, respectively.
Abbreviation: PBS, phosphate-buffered saline.

Figure 4 Pirenzepine release over 24 hours in 4 mL of PBS from contact lenses after 24 hours of uptake in 1 mg/mL pirenzepine solution.

Notes: Bars represent standard deviation. ▲, etafilcon A; ◆, ocufilcon B; □, omafilcon B (MF); ○, omafilcon A (SV); Δ, omafilcon A (MF); ●, narafilcon A; ✹, nelfilcon A (SV); ◇, nelfilcon A (MF); ⋆, comfilcon A (MF); ∇, delefilcon A (n=4/ material). SV and MF denote the single vision and multifocal variant of a particular lens material, respectively.
Abbreviation: PBS, phosphate-buffered saline.

MorganPBEfronNThe oxygen performance of contemporary hydrogel contact lensesCont Lens Anterior Eye19982113616303369

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