Figures & data
Notes: (A) RRD in an eye with PVD has strong traction, retinal tears, and more liquefied vitreous humor. (B) RRD in an eye without PVD has the characteristics of a small atrophic hole, less liquefied vitreous, and shallow detachment.
Abbreviations: PVD, posterior vitreous detachment; RRD, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment; SRF, subretinal fluid.
Abbreviations: PVD, posterior vitreous detachment; RRD, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment; SRF, subretinal fluid.
Notes: (A) A horse-shoe tear has vitreoretinal adhesion on the anterior margin of the break. This retinal break can be seen in eyes with PVD. (B) An operculum tear has the margin separated from the vitreous; this tear can also be found in eyes with PVD. (C) An atrophic hole is not related to PVD. Vitreous humor may be less liquefied, and vitreous traction is not always strong.
Abbreviation: PVD, posterior vitreous detachment.
Abbreviation: PVD, posterior vitreous detachment.
Notes: (A and B) Preoperative wide photographs depicting the common characteristics of the small atrophic hole and shallow retinal detachment, which are indicators of a less liquefied vitreous. (C and D) Posterior vitreous detachment was not observed in preoperative or postoperative optical coherence tomography imaging. (E and F) The retina was attached after scleral encircling alone without pars plana vitrectomy despite extensive subretinal strand.
Notes: (A) The figure depicts the effects of SB in RRD with less liquefied vitreous and no PVD. Because the tractional force is not strong and the size of the retinal break is small, a small narrow buckle effect can adequately close the break. Less liquefied vitreous may play a role as tamponade (bio-tamponade) to close the retinal break. (B) The figure shows that RRD in eyes with PVD and fluidic vitreous humor. Because RRD with PVD has strong vitreous traction and large retinal tear, high and wide buckle effect is usually required. Because the bio-tamponade effect of the formed vitreous is lacking, external drainage of subretinal fluid or gas tamponade may be needed to close the retinal tear.
Abbreviations: PVD, posterior vitreous detachment; RRD, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment; SB, scleral buckling.
Abbreviations: PVD, posterior vitreous detachment; RRD, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment; SB, scleral buckling.
Notes: (A) When the liquefied vitreous enters the subretinal space and is drained externally, the retinal break cannot be closed using external drainage of SRF. (B) Injection of intraocular gas is required to close the retinal tear by preventing the flow of the liquefied vitreous into the subretinal space.
Abbreviation: SRF, subretinal fluid.
Abbreviation: SRF, subretinal fluid.
Notes: (A) RRD with small atrophic hole was noticed on the inferotemporal quadrant. (B) Preoperative optical coherent tomography showed vitreous–fovea adhesion (no PVD). (C) Although scleral encircling was performed with a high buckle effect, the retinal hole was not closed. External drainage also failed because the liquefied vitreous entered the subretinal space during the drainage. (D) After intravitreal injection of C3F8 (0.3 cc), the retina was reattached.
Abbreviations: PVD, posterior vitreous detachment; RRD, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Abbreviations: PVD, posterior vitreous detachment; RRD, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Notes: (A–H) Pars plana vitrectomy was performed as the primary operation, and the retina was reattached. (I) The retina was not attached after the SB procedure. Reattachment was achieved after the pars plana vitrectomy. (A–I) PVD was confirmed using preoperative optical coherent tomography and intraoperative vitreous staining using triamcinolone.
Abbreviations: PVD, posterior vitreous detachment; SB, scleral buckling.
Abbreviations: PVD, posterior vitreous detachment; SB, scleral buckling.
Notes: (A–D) Four cases share the characteristics of having no posterior vitreous detachment, shallow retinal detachment, less liquefied vitreous, and a small atrophic hole. Adhesion between the vitreous and optic disc head was confirmed using preoperative and postoperative optical coherent tomography in all cases.