Treatment persistence and cost-effectiveness of latanoprost/latanoprost–timolol, bimatoprost/bimatoprost–timolol, and travoprost/travoprost–timolol in glaucoma: an analysis based on the United Kingdom general practitioner research database

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient characteristics according to treatment sequence

Patient characteristic	Latanoprost/latanoprost–timolol n = 1592	Bimatoprost/bimatoprost–timolol n = 110	Travoprost/travoprost–timolol n = 114	P-value
Gender
Male	48.8%	45.5%	50.9%	0.71
Female	51.2%	54.5%	49.1%
Age (year)	68.3	68.2	68.8	0.95
Time since diagnosis (years)	4.34	4.24	3.57	0.12
Mean duration of follow-up (days)	1584.46	638.19	798.94	<0.001

Table 2 Ocular comorbidities according to treatment sequence: reported numbers (%)

Comorbidities	Latanoprost/latanoprost–timolol n = 1592	Bimatoprost/bimatoprost–timolol n = 110	Travoprost/travoprost–timolol n = 114	P-value
Anterior eye: structural change, deposit, or degeneration	339 (21.7%)	27 (24.5%)	18 (15.8%)	0.24
Ocular infection, irritation, or inflammation	453 (29.0%)	28 (25.5%)	27 (23.7%)	0.37
Ocular injury	13 (0.8%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	–
Ocular neuromuscular disorders	83 (5.5%)	8 (7.3%)	5 (4.4%)	0.60
Ocular hemorrhage and vascular disorders NEC	66 (4.2%)	2 (1.8%)	6 (5.3%)	0.39
Vision disorders	290 (18.6%)	19 (17.3%)	17 (14.9%)	0.60

Abbreviation: NEC, not elsewhere classified.

Table 3 General comorbidities according to treatment sequence: reported numbers (%)

Comorbidities	Latanoprost/latanoprost–timolol n = 1,592	Bimatoprost/bimatoprost–timolol n = 110	Travoprost/travoprost–timolol n = 114	P-value
Blood and lymphatic disorders	190 (12.2%)	13 (11.8%)	15 (13.2%)	0.94
Cardiac disorders	810 (51.9%)	55 (50.0%)	62 (54.4%)	0.80
Ear and labyrinth disorders	807 (51.7%)	55 (50.0%)	62 (54.4%)	0.80
Endocrine disorders	337 (21.6%)	22 (20.0%)	24 (21.1%)	0.92
Gastrointestinal	1072 (68.6%)	70 (63.6%)	84 (73.7%)	0.27
Hepatobiliary	92 (5.9%)	6 (5.5%)	5 (4.4%)	0.79
Musculoskeletal and Connective tissue disorders	728 (46.6%)	57 (51.8%)	59 (51.8%)	0.35
Nervous system disorders	656 (42.0%)	48 (43.6%)	60 (52.6%)	0.08
Psychiatric disorders	129 (8.3%)	10 (9.1%)	10 (8.8%)	0.94
Renal and urinary disorders	681 (43.6%)	49 (44.5%)	47 (41.2%)	0.86
Respiratory thoracic and Mediastinal disorders	655 (41.9%)	47 (42.7%)	51 (44.7%)	0.84
Vascular disorders	905 (57.9%)	76 (69.1%)	78 (68.4%)	0.009

Table 4 Percentages of patients persisting with travoprost/travoprost-timolol, latanoprost/latanoprost–timolol, or bimatoprost/bimatoprost–timolol as monotherapy, ranked according to treatment duration

Treatment duration	Latanoprost/latanoprost–timolol n = 1,592	Bimatoprost/bimatoprost–timolol n = 110	Travoprost/travoprost–timolol n = 114
12 months	88.0%	82.5%	92.8%
24 months	73.8%	66.6%	81.7%
36 months	60.0%	55.5%	70.3%
Time to 50% failure incidence rate	48 months	41 months	62 months

Figure 1 Time to treatment failure for travoprost/travoprost–timolol, latanoprost/latanoprost–timolol, and bimatoprost/bimatoprost–timolol (follow-up was censored at 65 months).

Table 5 Average monthly glaucoma costs according to treatment sequence (£)

Cost item	Latanoprost/latanoprost–timolol n = 1592	Bimatoprost/bimatoprost–timolol n = 110	Travoprost/travoprost–timolol n = 114	P-value
Drugs	16.97	15.52	13.49	<0.0001
Monthly consultation costs	4.64	5.46	4.15	0.0004
Monthly hospitalization-surgery–laser therapy costs	0.77	0.32	0.10	0.26
Monthly total costs following inclusion (£)	22.37	21.30	17.74	<0.0001
Mean daily costs	0.75	0.71	0.59	<0.0001
Adjusted monthly total costs	22.46a	20.64b	17.21c

Notes:

^avs^b: 0.03;

^avs^c: <0.0001;

^bvs^c: 0.0004.