Comparison of variations in cornea after one-handed and two-handed coaxial phacoemulsification

Figures & data

Figure 1 One-handed coaxial phacoemulsification technique.

Figure 2 Two-handed coaxial phacoemulsification technique.

Table 1 Patient demographics and baseline parameters

Parameters	Mean ± SD		P-value
	One-handed	Two-handed
Patients/eyes	93/100	91/100	–
Sex (female/male)	62/31	62/29	0.762†
Eye (right/left)	61/39	57/43	0.566†
Age (years)	66.64±6.83	67.96±6.37	0.159*
NO (LOCS III)	1.93±0.58	1.88±0.62	0.530*
Axial length (mm)	23.40±1.26	23.66±1.35	0.169*
ACD (mm)	3.17±0.39	3.20±0.37	0.652*
Lens thickness (mm)	4.15±0.64	4.27±0.58	0.191*
IOP (mmHg)	16.13±2.09	15.92±1.98	0.467*

Notes:

* Independent t-test; P<0.05 was considered statistically significant;

† Mann–Whitney U test.

Abbreviations: NO, nuclear opalescence; LOCS III, Lens Opacities Classification System III; ACD, anterior chamber depth; IOP, intraocular pressure.

Table 2 Intraoperative parameters of the 2 groups

Parameters	Mean ± SD		P-value
	One-handed	Two-handed
CDE	5.15±3.70	4.77±3.65	0.457*
U/S total time (s)	27.84±19.61	23.62±16.55	0.101*
Total fluid usage (mL)	42.57±12.83	42.31±14.99	0.895*
Total surgical time (s)	349.98±58.85	345.07±46.41	0.508*

Note:

* Independent t-test; P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Abbreviations: CDE, cumulative dissipated energy; U/S total time, ultrasound total time.

Table 3 Visual acuity and SIA

Parameters	One-handed	P-value^a	Two-handed	P-value^a	P-value^b
	Mean ± SD		Mean ± SD
UDVA (logMAR)
Preop	0.69±0.14	–	0.72±0.15	–	0.251*
1 week postop	0.10±0.12	<0.001**	0.15±0.12	<0.001**	0.012*
1 month postop	0.10±0.11	<0.001**	0.12±0.11	<0.001**	0.110*
3 month postop	0.10±0.08	<0.001**	0.11±0.09	<0.001**	0.283*
CDVA (logMAR)
Preop	0.58±0.14	–	0.60±0.18	–	0.347*
1 week postop	0.02±0.10	<0.001**	0.05±0.10	<0.001**	0.031*
1 month postop	0.00±0.10	<0.001**	0.01±0.09	<0.001**	0.465*
3 month postop	0.00±0.09	<0.001**	0.01±0.08	<0.001**	0.868
SIA (anterior)
1 week postop	1.07±0.64	–	1.15±0.70	–	0.437*
1 month postop	0.88±0.54	–	0.87±0.43	–	0.935*
3 month postop	0.75±0.44	–	0.77±0.38	–	0.715*
SIA (posterior)
1 week postop	0.44±0.38	–	0.55±0.36	–	0.043*
1 month postop	0.24±0.18	–	0.26±0.18	–	0.481*
3 month postop	0.22±0.14	–	0.24±0.16	–	0.388*

Notes:

* Independent t-test;

** Paired-samples t-test; P^a = comparison between preop and postop; P^a<0.05 was considered statistically significant; P^b = comparison of both groups, P^b<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Abbreviations: UDVA, uncorrected distance visual acuity; log-MAR, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; preop, preoperative; postop, postoperative; CDVA, corrected distance visual acuity; SIA, surgically-induced astigmatism.

Table 4 CV, CCT and corneal endothelial cell counts/size

Parameters	One-handed	P-value^a	Two-handed	P-value^a	P-value^b
	Mean ± SD		Mean ± SD
CV (μm^3)
Preop	60.87±3.32	–	60.40±3.00	–	0.290*
1 week postop	63.36±3.80	<0.001**	64.80±3.45	<0.001**	0.006*
1 month postop	61.50±3.31	0.018**	61.80±3.78	<0.001**	0.563*
3 month postop	60.74±3.11	0.183**	60.43±3.13	0.140**	0.290*
CCT (μm)
Preop	529.81±31.23	–	527.96±29.75	–	0.668*
1 week postop	543.33±28.20	<0.001**	551.69±29.15	<0.001**	0.041*
1 month postop	531.23±31.67	0.192**	531.98±31.93	0.066**	0.868*
3 month postop	528.31±31.70	0.201**	529.80±32.63	0.412**	0.774*
ECD (/mm^2)
Preop	2,539.05±235.33	–	2,570.60±262.28	–	0.372*
1 week postop	2,366.01±237.70	<0.001**	2,363.32±259.94	<0.001**	0.939*
1 month postop	2,358.51±228.16	<0.001**	2,356.07±250.66	<0.001**	0.943*
3 month postop	2,358.11±229.33	<0.001**	2,354.28±259.59	<0.001**	0.912*
ECL (%)
1 week postop	6.82±3.39	–	8.08±3.31	–	0.009*
1 month postop	7.05±4.22	–	8.28±4.28	–	0.046*
3 month postop	7.06±4.37	–	8.37±4.85	–	0.045*
HEX%
Preop	40.27±6.19	–	40.42±5.60	–	0.858*
1 week postop	39.60±6.17	<0.001**	39.84±5.34	<0.001**	0.788*
1 month postop	39.36±5.79	<0.001**	39.27±5.86	<0.001**	0.913*
3 month postop	39.18±6.12	<0.001**	39.28±6.48	<0.001	0.911*
Save (μm^2)
Preop	408.62±63.58	–	397.71±51.80	–	0.185*
1 week postop	571.75±184.92	<0.001**	627.11±205.51	<0.001**	0.047*
1 month postop	510.44±113.54	<0.001**	521.22±120.87	<0.001**	0.516*
3 month postop	458.06±67.79	<0.001**	468.83±72.29	<0.001**	0.278*

Notes:

* Independent t-test;

** Paired samples t-test; P^a = comparison between preop and postop, P^a<0.05 was considered statistically significant; P^b = comparison of both groups, P^b<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Abbreviations: CV, corneal volume; preop, preoperative; postop, postoperative; CCT, central corneal thickness; ECD, endothelium corneal density; ECL, endothelium corneal loss; HEX%, percentages of hexagonal cell; Save, average cell size.

Figure 3 Change in corneal volume over time.

Abbreviations: w, week; m, months; pre, preoperative.

Figure 4 Change in central corneal thickness over time.

Abbreviations: w, week; m, months; pre, preoperative.

Figure 5 Change in endothelium corneal density over time.

Abbreviations: w, week; m, months; pre, preoperative.

Figure 6 Change in average cell size over time.

Abbreviations: w, week; m, months; pre, preoperative.