Impact of light conditions on reading ability following multifocal pseudophakic corrections

Figures & data

Table 1 Study participants

Parameters	G1	G2	CG	P-value
N	25	25	25	NA
Age (years)	62.34±14.12	64.21±11.19	61.43±12.47	0.23
Spherical equivalent (D)	−0.11±0.48	0.19±0.32	−0.23±0.68	0.14
Photopic pupil diameter (mm)	2.51±0.41	2.45±0.62	2.53±0.39	0.21
Low mesopic pupil diameter (mm)	4.24±0.24	4.45±0.53	4.89±0.76	0.17
Pupil center shift (mm)	0.10±0.03	0.13±0.05	0.12±0.06	0.19

Notes: Photopic lighting conditions: 120 lux; low mesopic lighting conditions: 0.4 lux.

Abbreviations: CG, control group; D, diopters; G1, Restor group; G2, Panoptix group; NA, non applicable.

Table 2 Reading ability at different light conditions (logMAR)

Table 2a	Temperature 3,000 K			P-value
Intensity (FC)	G1	G2	CG
25	0.45±0.08	0.26±0.04	0.65±0.16	<0.01
50	0.43±0.10	0.24±0.06	0.62±0.16	<0.01
75	0.41±0.09	0.24±0.04	0.61±0.16	<0.01
P-value	0.04	0.15	0.03	NA
Table 2b	Temperature 4,000 K
25	0.44±0.07	0.26±0.06	0.64±0.17	<0.01
50	0.42±0.08	0.24±0.08	0.61±0.18	<0.01
75	0.40±0.11	0.22±0.04	0.60±0.19	<0.01
P-value	0.03	0.17	0.01	NA
Table 2c	Temperature 6,000 K
25	0.42±0.15	0.30±0.04	0.63±0.18	<0.01
50	0.40±0.15	0.28±0.06	0.61±0.17	<0.01
75	0.40±0.11	0.30±0.06	0.58±0.18	<0.01
P-value	0.06	0.31	0.03	NA

Note: Minimal reading speed: 80 words/minute.

Abbreviations: CG, control group; G1, Restor group; G2, Panoptix group; NA, no data available; FC, foot-candles; K, kelvins.

Figure 1 Reading ability (3,000 K, 25 FC).

Abbreviations: CG, control group; FC, Foot-Candles; G1, Restor group; G2, Panoptix group; K, kelvins.

Figure 2 Reading ability (4,000 K, 75 FC).

Abbreviations: CG, control group; FC, Foot-Candles; G1, Restor group; G2, Panoptix group; K, kelvins.

Figure 3 Reading ability (6,000 K, 75 FC).

Abbreviations: CG, control group; FC, Foot-Candles; G1, Restor group; G2, Panoptix group; K, kelvins.

Table 3 Subjective preference for lighting conditions during reading (number of subjects)

Temperature	3,000 K			4,000 K			6,000 K
Intensity	25 FC	50 FC	75 FC	25 FC	50 FC	75 FC	25 FC	50 FC	75 FC
G1	0	0	0	0	2	15	0	1	7
G2	0	0	0	2	8	7	0	4	4
CG	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	23

Abbreviations: CG, control group; FC, Foot-Candles; G1, Restor group; G2, Panoptix group; K, kelvins.