Efficacy and safety of glycyrrhizin 2.5% eye drops in the treatment of moderate dry eye disease: results from a prospective, open-label pilot study

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic data and clinical assessments at day 1

	Intent-to-treat population N=37
Age, years
N	37
Mean ± SD	59.6±19.0
Median	66.0
(Min, max)	(18, 82)
Age, years
N	37
18–64	17 (45.9%)
65–84	20 (54.1%)
Gender
N	37
Male	11 (29.7%)
Female	26 (70.3%)
Diagnosis
N	37
DED caused by hypersecretion related or not to a Sjögren’s syndrome	8 (21.6%)
DED caused by excessive evaporation	29 (78.4%)
Duration, years
N	36
Mean ± SD	6.60±5.42
Median	5.10
(Min, max)	(0.0, 21.9)
Oxford grade
N	74
I	1 (1.4%)
II	57 (77.0%)
III	16 (21.6%)
Mean ± SD	2.20±0.44
Median	2.00
(Min, max)	(1, 3)
Tear break-up time, seconds
N	74
Mean ± SD	5.841±0.861
Median	5.70
(Min, max)	(4.3, 8.3)
Schirmer, mm/5 minutes
N	74
Mean ± SD	8.30±1.41
Median	8.00
(Min, max)	(5, 12)
Intraocular pressure, mmHg
N	74
Mean ± SD	13.59±3.36
Median	14.00
(Min, max)	(6, 20)
Naso-bulbar conjunctival lesion, score
N	70
Mean ± SD	1.36±0.50
Median	1.00
(Min, max)	(1, 3)
Temporal-bulbar conjunctival lesion, score
N	74
Mean ± SD	1.35±0.53
Median	1.00
(Min, max)	(1, 3)
Cornea, score
N	74
Mean ± SD	1.44±0.49
Median	1.00
(Min, max)	(1, 2)
Visual acuity
N	74
Mean ± SD	8.7076±2.0437
Median	10.00
(Min, max)	(0.06, 10.00)

Abbreviation: DED, dry eye disease.

Figure 1 Oxford score at days 1 and 28.

Note: The decrease was statistically significant between days 1 and 28 (P<0.001).

Figure 2 Tear break-up time, Schirmer score, intraocular pressure and visual acuity at days 1 and 28.

Notes: Visual acuity was assessed on a scale from 0 to 10. Improvements were statistically significant between days 1 and 28 for TBUT (*P=0.010) and Schirmer score (**P<0.001).
Abbreviations: IOP, intraocular pressure; TBUT, tear break-up time.

Figure 3 Ocular surface damage (mean scores) at days 1 and 28.

Note: Improvement of surface damage was significant at day 28 from day 1 (*P=0.003, **P=0.027, ***P<0.001).

Figure 4 Ocular symptoms (mean scores) at days 1 and 28.

Notes: Symptoms were rated on a scale from 0 (absent) to 100 (maximum intensity). Improvement of all symptoms at day 28 from day 1 was significant (all P<0.001).

Figure 5 Patient satisfaction of treatment after 28 days.