Optical coherence tomography patterns of diabetic macular edema in a Saudi population

Figures & data

Figure 1 Morphological calcification of optical coherence tomography (OCT) patterns in diabetic macular edema demonstrating (A) sponge-like diffuse retinal thickness (SLDRT), (B) cystoid macular edema (CME), and (C) subretinal fluid (SRF).

Table 1 Summary of the frequency of OCT based DME morphological patterns

Pattern present	Number of eyes	Percentage %
Sponge-like retinal diffuse-thickness	154	67.84
Cystoid macular edema	45	19.82
Subretinal fluid	5	2.20
Cystoid/spongy	11	4.85
Cystoid/subretinal fluid	9	3.96
Spongy/subretinal fluid	2	0.88
Spongy/cystoid/subretinal fluid	1	0.44

Abbreviations: OCT, optical coherence tomography; DME, diabetic meacular edema.

Table 2 Mean visual acuity and retinal thickness within subtypes of DME

Morphologic subtype	LogMAR visual acuity (mean ±SD)	CMT (μm) (mean ±SD)	Range (μm)
SLDRT	0.20±0.21	287±201	185–488
CME	0.41±0.01	382±250	216–632
SRF	0.62±0.21	382±166	290–548

Abbreviations: DME, diabetic macular edema; CMT, central macular thickness; SLDRT, sponge-like diffuse retinal thickness; CME, cystoids macular edema; SRF, subretinal fluid.

Table 3 Correlations between morphologic subtypes with visual acuity

Morphologic subtype	Coefficients (r)	(P-values)	LogMAR visual acuity (mean ±SD)
SLDRT	0.653	0.008*	0.20±0.21
CME	0.473	0.005*	0.41±0.01
SRF	0.520	0.004*	0.62±0.21

Note: *P<0.05.

Abbreviations: SLDRT, sponge-like diffuse retinal thickness; CME, cystoids macular edema; SRF, sub retinal fluid.

Table 4 Correlations between diabetic stage and macular thickness

Diabetic stage	Number of eyes	CMT (μm) (mean ±SD)	LogMAR visual acuity (mean ±SD)	Coefficients (r)	P-values
Mild NPDR	37	305±59	0.19±0.14	0.217	0.312
Moderate NPDR	112	318±80	0.44±0.26	0.419	0.301
Severe NPDR	23	374±136	0.37±0.38	0.362	0.021*
Early PDR	19	319±113	0.26±0.40	0.214	0.179
High risk PDR	36	351±109	0.40±0.31	0.408	0.050*

Note: *P<0.05.

Abbreviations: CMT, central macular thickness; NPDR, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR, proliferative diabetic Retinopathy.

Table 5 Correlations between diabetic retinopathy stage and subtypes of DME

Diabetic stage	SLDRT P-values	CME P-values	SRF P-values
Mild NPDR	0.126	0.209	0.619
Moderate NPDR	0.215	0.176	0.204
Severe NPDR	0.013*	0.108	0.236
Early PDR	0.107	0.481	0.467
High risk PDR	0.024*	0.034*	0.127

Note: *P<0.05.

Abbreviations: DME, diabetic macular edema; SLDRT, sponge-like diffuse retinal thickness; CME, cystoids macular edema; SRF, subretinal fluid; NPDR, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Figure 2 Graph showing relationship between central macular thickness (CMT) and visual acuity.

Table 6 Significant correlations of diabetic type, age, and duration with visual acuity

Type of variable	Coefficients (r)	(P-values)	LogMAR visual acuity (mean ±SD)
Diabetes type 1	0.255	0.0005*	0.34±0.33
Diabetes type 2	0.330	0.162	0.26±0.25
Diabetic duration	0.027	0.003*	0.29±0.29
Age (years)	0.218	0.030*	0.29±0.29

Note: Correlation between visual acuity and type 1 Diabetes P=0.0005 (P<0.001) was statistically significant. * P<0.05

Figure 3 Graph showing relationship between duration and visual acuity (LogMAR).

Figure 4 Graph showing relationship between age and visual acuity (LogMAR).