Prevalence of increased intraocular pressure in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy and association with ophthalmic signs and symptoms in the north-west of Iran

Figures & data

Table 1 Modified Werner’s NOSPECS classification score

Score	Finding
0	No signs or symptoms
1	Only signs
2	Soft tissue involvement with symptoms and signs
3	Proptosis (≥20 mm)
4	Extraocular muscle involvement
5	Corneal involvement
6	Sight loss (visual acuity ≤0.67)

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients

Variables		Number	Percent
Gender	Male	26	27.95
	Female	67	72.5
Age group (years)	0–10	0	0.00
	11–20	7	7.52
	21–30	19	20.43
	31–40	21	22.58
	41–50	17	18.27
	51–60	11	11.82
	61–70	15	16.12
	71–80	3	3.22
Sign & symptom	Lid retraction	58	62.36
	Peri-orbital edema	54	58.06
	Proptosis	43	46.23
	Chemosis	35	37.63
	Dry eye	33	35.48
	Foreign body sensation	28	30.10
	Restriction of eye movement	18	19.35
	High IOP (more than 21 mmHg)	9	9.67
	Visual loss (less than 0.6)	5	5.30
	Glaucomatous optic neuropathy	3	3.20
Duration of disease (months)	0–24	83	89.24
	24–48	5	5.37
	48–72	4	4.30
	72–96	1	1.07
Grade of disease	1	13	13.97
	2	21	22.58
	3	23	24.73
	4	14	15.05
	5	19	20.43
	6	3	3.22
Smoker	Yes	14	14.05
	No	79	84.95

Table 3 Comparison of IOP and cup to disc ratio based on gender, smoking, grade of disease, duration of disease and age groups

Variables		IOP				Cup to disc ratio
		Mean ± SD	Median	IQR	P-value	Mean ± SD	Median	IQR	P-Value
Gender	Male	18.23±3.80	19	3.75	0.008	0.315±0.125	0.300	0.20	0.009
	Female	15.98±3.70	16	5		0.247±0.307	0.200	0.10
Smoker	Yes	20.50±3.61	19.5	4	<0.001	0.385±0.135	0.400	0.15	<0.001
	No	15.92±2.91	16	5		0.245±0.057	0.200	0.10
Grade	1	14.15±2.73	14	4	<0.001	0.215±0.037	0.200	0.00	<0.001
	2	14. 47±2.44	14	4		0.233±0.057	0.200	0.10
	3	16.00±2.93	16	5		0.239±0.058	0.200	0.10
	4	17.92±1.89	19	1.5		0.285±0.066	0.300	0.10
	5	19.57±2.87	19	2		0.326±0.109	0.300	0.10
	6	22.00±3.60	23	1		0.466±0.115	0.400	*
Duration of diseases (months)	0–24	16.07±3.07	16	5	0.001	0.248±0.061	0.200	0.10	<0.001
	24–48	20.00±1.73	19	2.5		0.360±0.054	0.400	0.10
	48–72	22.25±4.42	22	8.25		0.450±0.173	0.450	0.30
	72–96	22.00±0.00	*	*		0.600±0.00	*	*
Age group (years)	0–10	0.0	0	0	0.001	0.0	0	0	<0.001
	11–20	14.00±1.63	14	4		0.242±0.053	0.200	0.10
	21–30	15.31±2.74	14	6		0.226±0.045	0.200	0.10
	31–40	16.23±3. 36	16	5		0.242±0.067	0.200	0.10
	41–50	15.35±3.10	14	7		0.264±0.060	0.300	0.10
	51–60	18.45±4.05	19	3		0.309±0.106	0.300	0.20
	61–70	19.00±1.69	19	1		0.300±0.600	0.300	0.10
	71–80	22.00±3.60	23	1		0.433±0.152	0.400	*

Table 4 Frequency of manifestations based on gender, smoking, grade of disease, duration of diseases, and age

Variables		Proptosis				Chemosis				Eyelid retraction				Restriction of eye movement				Periorbital edema
		Yes	No	%	P	Yes	No	%	P	Yes	No	%	P	Yes	No	%	P	Yes	No	%	P
Gender	Male	17	9	65.4	0.036	15	11	57.7	0.013	17	9	65.4	0.708	9	17	34.6	0.02	19	7	73.1	0.068
	Female	26	41	38.8		20	47	29.9		41	26	61.2		9	58	13.4		35	32	47.8
Smoker	Yes	12	2	85.8	0.001	13	1	92.9	<0.001	12	2	85.2	0.05	7	7	50.0	0.002	13	1	92.9	0.004
	No	31	48	39.2		22	57	27.8		46	33	58.2		11	68	13.9		41	38	51.9
Grade	1	0	13	0.0	<0.001	0	13	0.0	<0.001	1	12	7.7	<0.001	0	13	0.0	<0.001	1	12	7.7	<0.001
	2	1	20	4.8		0	21	0.0		5	16	26.8		0	21	0.0		6	15	28.6
	3	8	15	34.8		4	19	17.4		18	5	87.3		0	23	0.0		16	7	69.6
	4	12	2	85.7		11	3	78.6		13	1	92.9		4	10	28.6		12	2	85.7
	5	19	0	100.0		17	2	89.5		18	1	94.7		11	8	57.9		16	3	84.2
	6	3	0	100.0		3	0	100.0		3	0	100.0		3	0	100.0		3	0	100.0
Duration of disease (month)	0-24	33	50	39.8	<0.001	25	58	30.1	<0.001	48	35	57.8	0.056	12	71	16.9	0.004	44	39	53.0	0.023
	24-48	5	0	100.0		5	0	100.0		5	0	100.0		2	3	40.0		5	0	100.0
	48-72	4	0	100.0		4	0	100.0		4	0	100.0		3	1	75.0		4	0	100.0
	72-96	1	0	100.0		1	0	100.0		1	0	100.0		1	0	100.0		1	0	100.0
Age group (year)	0-10	0	0	0.0	0.004	0	0	0.0	0.001	0	0	0.0	0.387	0	0	0.0	0.054	0	0	0.0	0.026
	11-20	0	7	0.0		0	7	0.0		3	4	42.9		0	7	0.0		4	3	57.1
	21-30	9	10	47.4		8	11	42.1		13	6	68.4		2	17	10.5		9	10	47.4
	31-40	6	15	28.6		2	19	9.5		12	9	57.1		2	19	9.5		7	14	33.3
	41-50	7	10	41.1		7	10	4.1		8	9	47.1		3	14	17.6		10	7	58.8
	51-60	7	4	63.3		6	5	54.5		8	3	72.7		4	7	36.4		9	2	81.8
	61-70	11	4	73.3		9	6	52.9		11	4	73.3		5	10	33.3		12	3	80.0
	71-80	3	0	100.0		3	0	100.0		3	0	100.0		2	1	66.7		3	0	100.0