Efficacy of carbomer sodium hyaluronate trehalose vs hyaluronic acid to improve tear film instability and ocular surface discomfort after cataract surgery

Figures & data

Table 1 Mean values and standard deviations divided by group and period

Group	Period	BCVA	Oxford	BUT	OSDI
HG	PreOp	4.23 (1.22)	0.65 (0.48)	4.13 (1.55)	21.03 (12.77)
Trehalose	PreOp	3.73 (1.68)	0.97 (0.60)	3.47 (1.11)	31.19 (12.34)
HG	7 days	9.17 (1.15)	0.40 (0.44)	4.77 (1.65)	14.37 (12.88)
Trehalose	7 days	9.43 (1.07)	0.13 (0.22)	6.30 (1.64)	9.68 (8.04)
GH	30 days	9.93 (0.25)	0.28 (0.45)	5.13 (1.38)	11.24 (11.46)
Trehalose	30 days	9.93 (0.25)	0.00 (0.00)	6.63 (2.08)	5.05 (7.90)

Abbreviations: HG, Hyaluronate group; Trehalose, Trehalose group; BCVA, best corrected visual acuity; Oxford, Oxford scale score; BUT, break up time; OSDI, ocular surface disease index.

Table 2 Linear models for the four variables considered

	Dependent variable
	BCVA	Oxford	BUT	OSDI
Trehalose	−0.500* (0.277)	0.317*** (0.107)	−0.667 (0.412)	10.159*** (2.867)
PreOp	4.233*** (0.196)	0.650*** (0.076)	4.133*** (0.291)	21.028*** (2.027)
7 days	9.167*** (0.196)	0.400*** (0.076)	4.767*** (0.291)	21.028*** (2.027)
30 days	9.933*** (0.196)	0.283*** (0.076)	5.133*** (0.291)	11.243*** (2.027)
Trehalose: 7 days	0.767* (0.392)	− 0.583*** (0.152)	2.200*** (0.583)	−14.848*** (4.054)
Trehalose: 30 days	0.500 (0.392)	− 0.600*** (0.152)	2.167*** (0.583)	− 16.350*** (4.054)

Notes: *P<0.1; **P<0.05; ***P<0.01.

Abbreviations: Trehalose, Trehalose group; BCVA, best corrected visual acuity; Oxford, Oxford scale score; BUT, break up time; OSDI, ocular surface disease index.

Table 3 P for mean BCVA, Oxford scale score, BUT, OSDI difference divided for group and period

	BCVA	Oxford	BUT	OSDI
HG	0.6275	0.211	0.001110	0.885
Period	<2 x 10^–16	4.39 x 10^–16	1.06 x 10^–11	4.85 x 10^–16
HG: Period	0.1423	6.82 x 10^–5	0.000137	8.18 x 10^–5

Abbreviations: HG, Hyaluronate group; BCVA, best corrected visual acuity; Oxford, Oxford scale score; BUT, break up time; OSDI, ocular surface disease index.

Figure 1 Mean TBUT pre-operatively and seven days and 30 days post-operatively. The bars represent standard deviation of the mean.

Abbreviations: HG, Hyaluronate group; Trehalose, Trehalose group; BUT, break up time.

Figure 2 Mean OSDI score pre-operatively and seven days and 30 days post operatively. The bars represent standard deviation of the mean.

Abbreviations: HG, Hyaluronate group; Trehalose, Trehalose group; OSDI, ocular surface disease index.

Figure 3 Mean Oxford score pre-operatively and seven days and 30 days post-operatively. The bars represent standard deviation of the mean.

Abbreviations: HG, Hyaluronate group; Trehalose, Trehalose group; Oxford, Oxford scale score.