Diathermy for 23-gauge sclerotomy: a functional and morphologic study to avoid ocular hypotony

Figures & data

Table 1 Correlations between persistent open sclerotomies 30 and 60 days postoperatively and personal and epidemiologic data

Variable	n (%)	Persistently open 30 days post-op		P	Persistently open 60 days post-op		P
		n (%)			n (%)
		Present	Absent		Present	Absent
		12 (3.6)	315 (96.4)		2 (0.6)	325 (99.4)
Gender
Male	149 (46.4)	5 (1.5)	144 (44.0)	0.98*	1 (0.3)	148 (45.1	0.99*
Female	178 (53.6)	7 (2.1)	171 (52.3)	1 (0.3)	177 (54.3)
Age group (years)
≤50	216 (66.3)	6 (1.8.)	210 (64.2)	0.23*	1 (0.3)	215 (65.7)	0.99*
>50	111 (33.9)	6 (1.8.)	105 (32.2)	1 (0.3)	110 (33.6)
Ethnicity
Caucasian	46 (14.6)	2 (0,6)	44 (13,4)	0.94*	1 (0.3)	45 (13.8)	0.26**
Latino	258 (78.9)	9 (2.7)	249 (76.1)	1 (0.3)	257 (78.5)
African descendant	23 (6.9)	1 (0.3)	22 (6.7)	0	23 (7,1)
Ocular laterality
Right	167 (51.0)	6 (1.8)	161 (49.2)	0.82*	1 (0.3)	166 (50.7)	0.49*
Left	160 (49.0)	6 (1.8)	154 (47.0)	1 (0.3)	159 (48.6)

Notes: n=number of patients, *Chi-square test, **Fisher exact test.

Table 2 Correlations between persistently open sclerotomies 30 and 60 days postoperatively with ocular and systemic morbidity data

Variable	n (%)	Persistently open 30 days post-op		P	Persistently open 60 days post-op		P
		n (%)			n (%)
		Present	Absent		Present	Absent
		12 (3.6)	315 (96.4)		2 (0.6)	325 (99.4)
Scleral hyaline plaque
Present	15 (4.6)	2 (0.6)	13 (4.0)	0.18*	1 (0.3)	14 (4.3)	0.16*
Absent	312 (95.4)	10 (3.0)	302 (92.3)	1 (0.3)	311 (95.1)
High myopia (HM) with or without myopic macular degeneration
Present	108 (33.0)	5 (1.5)	103 (22.6)	0.73*	1 (0.3)	106 (32.4)	0.81*
Absent	219 (66.9)	7 (2.1)	212 (64.8)	1 (0.3)	219 (66.9)
Ocular hypertension
Present	33 (10.5)	3 (0.9)	30 (9.1)	0.20*	1 (0.3)	32 (9.8)	0.48*
Absent	294 (89.4)	9 (2.7)	285 (87.3)	1 (0.3)	293 (89.6)
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
Present	103 (31.4)	4 (1.2)	99 (30.2)	0.85*	1 (0.3)	102 (31.2)	0.84*
Absent	224 (68.5)	8 (2.4)	216 (66.1)	1 (0.3)	223 (68.1)
Systemic arterial hypertension
Present	116 (29.8)	4 (12)	112 (34.2)	0.88*	1 (0.3)	115 (35.1)	0.75*
Absent	211 (64.1)	8 (2.4)	203 (62.1)	1 (0.3)	210 (64.2)

Notes: n=number of patients; *Chi-square test.

Abbreviation: DR, diabetic retinopathy.

Table 3 Correlations between persistently open sclerotomies 30 and 60 days postoperatively and surgical element data

Variable	n (%)	Persistently open 30 days post-op		P	Persistently Open 60 Days Post-op		P
		n (%)			n (%)
		Present	Absent		Present	Absent
		12 (3.6)	315 (96.4)		2 (0.6)	325 (99.4)
Intraocular silicone oil
Present	69 (21.1)	6 (1.8)	63 (17.1)	0.03*	2 (2.1)	68 (18.9)	0.04**
Absent	258 (78.8)	6 (1.8)	252 (71.8)	0 (0.6)	257 (78.0)
Endolaser procedure
Present	200 (57.5)	8 (2.4)	192 (54.1)	0.92*	1 (0.3)	199 (60.8)	0.68*
Absent	127 (42.4)	4 (1.5)	123 (34.8)	1 (0.3)	126 (38.5)
Intravitreal drugs
Present	133 (40.6)	4 (1.2)	129 (36.9)	0.81*	1 (0.3)	132 (39.7)	0.65*
Absent	194 (59.3)	8 (2.4)	186 (52.0)	1 (0.3)	193 (57.1)
Gas infusion
Present	119 (36.4)	3 (0.9)	116 (34.2)	0.59*	1 (0.3)	118 (36.1)	0.73*
Absent	208 (63.5)	9 (2,7)	199 (54.7)	1 (0.3)	207 (63.3)
Additional vitrectomy
Present	67 (20.6)	6 (1.6)	61 (14.7)	0.02*	2 (2.2)	66 (18.0)	0.04**
Absent	260 (79.4)	6 (2.2)	254 (74.2)	0 (0.6)	259 (78.8)
Scleral buckle elements
Present	46 (14.2)	5 (3.2)	41 (10.9)	0.01*	1 (1.1)	45 (13.1)	0.66*
Absent	281 (85.7)	7 (7.4)	274 (78.2)	1 (1.8)	280 (83.7)
PPV surgical time
Short	172 (52.5)	2 (3.0)	169 (49.2)	0.02†	0 (1.5)	171 (51.0)	0.22**
Long	155 (47.4)	10 (3.5)	146 (36.3)	2 (1.0)	154 (39.0)

Notes: n=number of patients; *Chi-square test; **Fisher exact test; †Kruskal–Wallis test.

Abbreviation: PPV, pars plana vitrectomy.

Table 4 Correlations of persistently open sclerotomies 30 and 60 days postoperatively and sclerotomy site with presence or absence of leakage

Variable	n (%)	Persistently open 30 days post-op			P	Persistently open 60 days post-op			P
		Present with	Present without	Absent		Present with	Present without	Absent
		Leakage	Leakage			Leakage	Leakage
(Sclerotomy)	981	4 (0.4)	8 (0.8)	969 (98.8)		0	2 (0.2)	979 (99.8)
Superotemporal	327 (33.3)	2 (0.2)	4 (0.4)	321 (32.4)	0.05*	0	1 (0.1)	326 (33.3)	0.05*
Inferotemporal	327 (33.3)	0	1 (0.1)	326 (33.2)		0	0	327 (33.3)
Superonasal	327 (33.3)	2 (0.2)	3 (0.3)	322 (32.8)		0	1 (0.1)	326 (33.2)

Notes: n=number of sclerotomies, *Chi-square test. The significance refers to total values for the presence of persistent sclerotomy opening, with and without leakage (anatomic site), due to very small values for the statistical test in this variable subcategory (leakage).

Table 5 Multivariate analysis with binary logistical regression between factors associated with persistent sclerotomy opening 30 and 60 days postoperatively

Variable	Persistently open 30 days post-op			Persistently open 60 days post-op
	P*	OR	CI	P*	OR	CI
Intraocular silicone oil	0.71	1.089	0.718–1.125	0.45	0.404	0.089–1.337
Additional vitrectomies	0.03	6.731	7.197–10.879	0.05	5.022	8.115–32.019
Scleral buckle elements	0.21	0.579	0.095–0.645
Surgical time	0.05	7.005	8.209–11.199

Note: *0.05 statistic significance level.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.