Objective assessment of optical quality in dry eye disease using a double-pass imaging system

Figures & data

Table 1 Patients’ demographics and clinical tests in dry eye disease and controls

	Dry eye group, n=76	Control, n=44	P-value
Male (n)	16	22	0.013*
Female (n)	60	22	0.013*
Age	60.48±13.24	44.51±8.06	0.001*
Mean OSI	4.29±4.07	1.88±2.04	<0.001*
Minimum OSI	3.22±3.51	1.29±1.59	<0.001*
Maximum OSI	5.72±4.52	3.06±2.93	<0.001*
ΔOSI	2.50±1.96	1.76±1.96	0.05*
OSDI score	36.94±16.55	10.46±8.25	<0.001*
Corneal fluorescein staining score	0.79±0.96	0.07±0.26	<0.001*
Schirmer’s I test	10.08±7.85	26.41±6.75	<0.001*

Note: *Statistically significant.

Abbreviations: OSI, objective scatter index; OSDI, Ocular Surface Disease Index.

Table 2 Correlation between subjective and objective metrics in dry eye disease

Parameters	Mean OSI	Age	OSDI score	Schirmer’s I
Age
r	0.01
P	0.98
OSDI score
r	0.11	−0.14
P	0.34	0.49
Schirmer’s II test
r	−0.13	0.08	−0.18
P	0.26	0.49	0.13
Corneal staining
r	0.20	−0.33	0.16	−0.08
P	0.09	0.009*	0.16	0.51

Note: *Statistically significant.

Abbreviations: OSI, objective scatter index; OSDI, Ocular Surface Disease Index.

Figure 1 Dynamic changes of objective scatter index (OSI) of an illustrative case in the control (A) and dry eye disease groups (B–D). A) Steady-low value of OSI; (B) ladder pattern displayed ascending values of OSI; (C) seesaw pattern revealed repeatedly fluctuation of OSI; (D) plateau pattern showed a steady-high value of OSI.

Table 3 Subjective and objective tests in the DED subgroups

Parameters	Seesaw, n=46	Ladder, n=25	Plateau, n=08	P-value
Visual acuity (LogMar)	0.07±0.12	0.10±0.14	0.02±0.04	0.17*; 0.35^†; 0.15^‡; 0.07^§
Mean OSI	3.58±3.50	4.54±3.95	3.54±4.65	0.50*; 0.28^†; 0.97^‡; 0.51^§
OSI Minimum	2.77±2.84	3.16±3.45	2.65±4.47	0.85*; 0.59^†; 0.9^‡; 0.71^§
OSI Maximum	4.49±3.96	6.93±4.13	3.99±5.05	0.03*; 0.01^†; 0.72^‡; 0.84^§
ΔOSI	1.71±1.48	3.76±2.08	0.44±0.45	<0.001*; <0.001^†; <0.001^‡; 0.001^§
OSDI score	34.34±18.1	39.26±15.11	29.4±20.4	0.27*; 0.39^†; 0.30^‡, 0.12^§
Schirmer’s II test	9.23±5.57	12.2±10.23	10.7±6.83	0.25*; 0.01^†; 0.47^‡; 0.65^§
Corneal staining	0.73±1.03	0.70±0.95	0.7±0.48	0.98*; 0.89^†; 0.91^‡; 0.99^§

Notes: *One-way ANOVA; ^†Student-t test; groups 1 and 2; ^‡Student-t test; groups 1 and 3; ^§Student-t test; groups 2 and 3.

Abbreviations: OSI, objective scatter index; OSDI, Ocular Surface Disease Index.