Predictive value of visual evoked potentials, relative afferent pupillary defect, and orbital fractures in patients with traumatic optic neuropathy

Figures & data

Table 1 Summary of patient characteristics

Subject	Age	Gender	Eye	Nature of trauma	Time of presentation	Primary snellen visual acuity	RAPD	CT scan findings	Flash VEP	Snellen visual acuity 3 months after treatment	Follow-up duration
1	33 y	F	OS	Trauma with scissors	1 day	NLP	4+	Medial orbital wall fracture	Severe delay in P2	NLP	3 months
2	18 y	M	OD	Motor accident	7 days	NLP	4+	Zygomatic fracture	Reduction in amplitude and severe delay in P2	NLP	3 months
3	12 y	M	OS	Trauma with belt	3 days	HM	3+	No fracture	Reduction in amplitude and delay in P2	FC at 1.5 m	3 months
4	19 y	F	OD	Fall from height	1 day	NLP	4+	No fracture	Reduction in amplitude and delay in P2	NLP	3 months
5	11 y	M	OD	Bullet	2 days	NLP	4+	No fracture	Absence of flash VEP response	HM	3 months
6	15 y	M	OS	Fall from bike	1 day	HM	3+	Orbital hemorrhage	Reduction in amplitude and severe delay in P2	FC at 2 m	3 months
7	15 y	M	OS	Trauma with metallic screw	1 day	HM	3+	Medial orbital wall fracture	Reduction in amplitude and delay in P2	HM	3 months
8	23 y	M	OD	Car accident	2 days	20/200	2+	Medial orbital wall fracture	Severe delay in P2	20/200	3 months
9	32 y	M	OS	Fall from height	1 day	HM	3+	No fracture	Severe delay in P2	20/400	3 months
10	9 y	M	OD	Car accident	3 days	20/160	2+	Medial orbital wall fracture	Severe delay in P2	20/50	3 months
11	10 y	F	OS	Trauma with pipe	1 day	20/200	3+	Medial orbital wall fracture	Reduction in amplitude and severe delay in P2	20/50	3 months
12	30 y	M	OD	Car accident	7 days	20/200	3+	No fracture	Reduction in amplitude in P2	20/30	3 months
13	17 y	M	OD	Motor accident	2 days	NLP	4+	Orbital floor fracture	Absence of Flash VEP response	NLP	3 months
14	16 y	M	OD	Car accident	1 day	HM	3+	No fracture	Reduction in amplitude and severe delay in P2	HM	3 months
15	14 y	M	OD	Car accident	1 day	20/400	2+	No fracture	Severe delay in P2	20/50	3 months

Abbreviations: y, years; CT, computed tomography; VEP, visual-evoked potentials; HM, hand motion; NLP, no light perception.