Correlation between contrast sensitivity and higher-order aberration based on pupil diameter after cataract surgery

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographics of the four groups

	WF group	Tecnis group	Hoya group	AT group
IOL	SN60WF	ZA9003	PY60AD	SN60AT
Intended SA correction for 6 mm diameter (μm)	0.20	0.27	0.18	–
Eyes (n)	30	30	30	30
Age (years)	68.7 ± 9.9	68.6 ± 3.8	68.5 ± 9.0	68.1 ± 8.7
Gender
Male/Female	14/16	16/14	15/15	12/18
IOL power (D)	19.6 ± 4.5	20.3 ± 3.5	18.8 ± 4.1	19.3 ± 3.8
Range	6–24	11–25.5	10–24	12–24.5
Postoperative refraction
SE (D)	−1.2 ± 1.3	−0.7 ± 1.1	−0.7 ± 1.4	−0.8 ± 1.2
Astigmatism (D)	−1.0 ± 0.5	−1.2 ± 1.0	−0.9 ± 0.5	−1.1 ± 0.6
Pupil diameter (mm)
Photopic	3.03 ± 0.63	2.75 ± 0.62	2.81 ± 0.55	2.87 ± 0.38
Mesopic	4.08 ± 0.70	4.22 ± 0.89	3.93 ± 0.58	4.26 ± 0.59

Abbreviations: IOL, intraocular lens; D, diopter; SE, spherical equivalent.

Figure 1 Higher order aberrations in each group.

Note: *P < 0.05 compared with AT group.

Figure 2 Depth of focus in each group.

Table 2 Contrast sensitivity and AULCSF in each group

	WF group	Tecnis group	Hoya group	AT group
Photopic, without glare
1.5 cpd*	1.46 ± 0.22	1.40 ± 0.15	1.49 ± 0.19	1.47 ± 0.19
3 cpd*	1.68 ± 0.21	1.72 ± 0.23	1.76 ± 0.20	1.75 ± 0.18
6 cpd*	1.73 ± 0.24	1.73 ± 0.24	1.77 ± 0.21	1.75 ± 0.24
12 cpd*	1.29 ± 0.40	1.24 ± 0.42	1.21 ± 0.45	1.13 ± 0.34
18 cpd*	0.80 ± 0.47	0.78 ± 0.44	0.74 ± 0.47	0.65 ± 0.49
AULCSF*	1.65 ± 0.23	1.64 ± 0.26	1.65 ± 0.23	1.64 ± 0.27
Photopic, with glare
1.5 cpd*	1.46 ± 0.20	1.46 ± 0.19	1.45 ± 0.21	1.48 ± 0.24
3 cpd*	1.69 ± 0.20	1.70 ± 0.20	1.71 ± 0.22	1.73 ± 0.23
6 cpd*	1.70 ± 0.20	1.73 ± 0.18	1.77 ± 0.21	1.74 ± 0.26
12 cpd*	1.27 ± 0.33	1.29 ± 0.44	1.21 ± 0.52	1.21 ± 0.46
18 cpd*	0.66 ± 0.50	0.75 ± 0.53	0.63 ± 0.50	0.63 ± 0.50
AULCSF*	1.64 ± 0.21	1.66 ± 0.24	1.64 ± 0.23	1.65 ± 0.27
Mesopic, without glare
1.5 cpd*	1.57 ± 0.22	1.56 ± 0.24	1.56 ± 0.22	1.55 ± 0.19
3 cpd*	1.68 ± 0.20	1.73 ± 0.23	1.74 ± 0.17	1.66 ± 0.19
6 cpd*	1.57 ± 0.21	1.61 ± 0.26	1.60 ± 0.23	1.48 ± 0.36
12 cpd*	0.56 ± 0.63	0.78 ± 0.58	0.81 ± 0.57	0.63 ± 0.57
18 cpd*	0.28 ± 0.49	0.26 ± 0.36	0.34 ± 0.43	0.18 ± 0.28
AULCSF*	1.45 ± 0.31	1.49 ± 0.29	1.51 ± 0.25	1.38 ± 0.27
Mesopic, with glare
1.5 cpd*	1.41 ± 0.23	1.44 ± 0.23	1.43 ± 0.19	1.36 ± 0.26
3 cpd*	1.59 ± 0.25	1.57 ± 0.23	1.58 ± 0.25	1.53 ± 0.24
6 cpd**	1.44 ± 0.33	1.46 ± 0.22	1.57 ± 0.25	1.17 ± 0.62
12 cpd*	0.45 ± 0.56	0.51 ± 0.61	0.47 ± 0.60	0.39 ± 0.51
18 cpd*	0.20 ± 0.39	0.21 ± 0.36	0.20 ± 0.25	0.08 ± 0.20
AULCSF*	1.30 ± 0.28	1.32 ± 0.25	1.34 ± 0.25	1.16 ± 0.36

Notes: Mann–Whitney U test P < 0.05 compared with AT group; Kruskal–Wallis test *P > 0.05, **P = 0.0385.

Abbreviations: AULCSF, area under the log contrast sensitivity function; cpd, cycle per degree.

Table 3 Correlation coefficients and P value of Pearson’s correlation analysis between higher-order aberrations, pupil diameter, contrast sensitivity function, and AULCSF in all eyes (n = 120)

	THO	S3	S4	SA	P.D.
Photopic, without glare
1.5 cpd	−0.21 (0.02)	−0.20 (0.03)	−0.14 (0.14)	−0.11 (0.22)	−0.12 (0.20)
3 cpd	−0.13 (0.18)	−0.10 (0.18)	0.02 (0.79)	−0.19 (0.04)	−0.06 (0.48)
6 cpd	−0.13 (0.15)	−0.12 (0.18)	0.005 (0.95)	−0.20 (0.02)	−0.06 (0.51)
12 cpd	−0.27 (< 0.01)	−0.23 (0.01)	−0.16 (0.07)	−0.18 (0.06)	−0.03 (0.76)
18 cpd	−0.14 (0.11)	−0.12 (0.20)	−0.10 (0.29)	−0.12 (0.17)	0.10 (0.25)
Photopic, with glare
1.5 cpd	−0.08 (0.43)	−0.06 (0.58)	−0.11 (0.21)	−0.08 (0.34)	−0.02 (0.80)
3 cpd	−0.17 (0.07)	−0.14 (0.12)	−0.15 (0.11)	−0.14 (0.12)	−0.07 (0.41)
6 cpd	−0.14 (0.12)	−0.13 (0.16)	−0.11 (0.24)	−0.13 (0.17)	0.04 (0.67)
12 cpd	−0.22 (0.01)	−0.18 (0.04)	−0.10 (0.28)	−0.11 (0.23)	0 (0.97)
18 cpd	−0.12 (0.16)	−0.10 (0.25)	−0.05 (0.58)	−0.15 (0.11)	0.01 (0.91)
Mesopic, without glare
1.5 cpd	−0.02 (0.79)	−0.01 (0.90)	−0.04 (0.68)	−0.14 (0.11)	−0.03 (0.70)
3 cpd	−0.10 (0.28)	−0.08 (0.35)	−0.10 (0.25)	−0.23 (< 0.01)	−0.07 (0.40)
6 cpd	−0.16 (0.07)	−0.12 (0.18)	−0.27 (< 0.01)	−0.37 (< 0.01)	−0.07 (0.45)
12 cpd	−0.07 (0.43)	−0.05 (0.58)	−0.04 (0.65)	−0.20 (0.02)	0 (0.92)
18 cpd	−0.09 (0.32)	−0.04 (0.69)	−0.10 (0.28)	−0.08 (0.37)	−0.02 (0.78)
Mesopic, with glare
1.5 cpd	−0.04 (0.62)	0 (0.95)	0.05 (0.60)	0 (0.90)	0.11 (0.21)
3 cpd	−0.10 (0.24)	−0.07 (0.40)	0.04 (0.70)	−0.06 (0.47)	0.09 (0.33)
6 cpd	−0.15 (0.08)	−0.14 (0.12)	−0.24 (< 0.01)	−0.25 (< 0.01)	−0.02 (0.78)
12 cpd	−0.05 (0.54)	−0.03 (0.74)	0.03 (0.76)	−0.10 (0.26)	0.09 (0.27)
18 cpd	−0.02 (0.85)	0 (0.99)	−0.02 (0.84)	−0.18 (0.04)	0.03 (0.70)

Note: numbers in bold are statistically significant at P < 0.05.

Abbreviations: PD, pupil diameter; cpd, cycle per degree; THO, total higher order aberration; S3, RMS of third-order aberration; S4, RMS of fourth-order aberration; SA, spherical aberration; RMS, root mean square.