Subjective Perception Of Trifocal IOL Performance, Including Toric Models

Figures & data

Table 1 Ocular Parameters And IOL Power Statistics

	Mean	±SD	Range (min.-max.)
Steep K (D)	44.2	1.8	36.9–47.5
Flat (D)	42.9	2.1	32.6–46.9
Corneal cylinder (D)	1.2	1.0	0.2–4.4
Axial length (mm)	24.0	1.6	20.1–29.1
IOL power (D)	20.4	3.8	9.0–30.0

Table 2 Post-Operative Refractive And Visual Results

	Mean	±SD	Range (min.–max.)
Sphere (D)	0.2	0.6	−0.5–4.0
Cylinder (D)	−0.35	0.48	−2.25–0
Spherical equivalent (D)	−0.03	0.5	−1.0–3.25
VAsc (LogMAR)	0.09	0.1	0–0.5
VAcc (LogMAR)	0.05	0.1	0–0.5
Int. VA (LogMAR)	0.05	0.9	0–0.4
NVAsc (LogMAR)	0.05	0.09	0–0.4
NVAcc (LogMAR)	0.04	0.8	0–0.4

Abbreviations: VAsc, distance visual acuity without correction; Vacc, distance visual acuity with correction; Int. VA, intermediate visual acuity without correction; NVAsc, near visual acuity without correction; NVAcc, near visual acuity with distance correction.

Table 3 Subjective Impression (%)

	No.	Mean	±SD	Range (min.–max.)
Satisfaction (/eye)	60	85.7	16.5	40–100
Spectacle independence (/patient)	35	96.0	10.6	60–100
Reading (/patient)	35	95.4	9.8	60–100
PC use (/patient)	35	97.7	6.4	80–100
Night driving (/patient)	35	90.2	10.1	80–100
Night symptoms (/patient)	35	88.0	12.1	60–100
Facial care (/patient)	35	92.6	11.9	60–100

Table 4 Comparison Between Eyes Implanted With Non-Toric And Toric Models (Mean ± SD)

	Non-Toric (n=48)	Toric (n=12)	P Value
Age (years)	54.2 ± 12.1	58.5 ± 6.7	>0.05
IOL power (D)	20.1 ± 3.6	21.3 ± 4.2	>0.05
Steep K (D)	43.8 ± 1.8	45.5 ± 1.5	<0.05*
Flat K (D)	42.8 ± 2.6	43.3 ± 1.8	>0.05
Corneal cylinder (D)	0.95 ± 0.81	2.34 ± 1.12	<0.05*
Axial length (mm)	24.2 ± 1.6	23.5 ± 1.6	>0.05
Post-op. sphere (D)	0.26 ± 0.67	−0.04 ± 0.26	>0.05
Post-op. cylinder (D)	−0.36 ± 0.49	−0.33 ± 0.44	>0.05
Post-op. spherical equivalent (D)	− 0.09 ± 0.56	−0.29 ± 0.38	>0.05
VAsc (LogMAR)	0.08 ± 0.12	0.11 ± 0.17	>0.05
VAcc (LogMAR)	0.04 ± 0.1	0.08 ± 0.13	>0.05
Int. VA (LogMAR)	0.04 ± 0.07	0.08 ± 0.13	>0.05
NVAsc (LogMAR)	0.04 ± 0.08	0.08 ± 0.13	>0.05
NVAcc (LogMAR)	0.03 ± 0.06	0.08 ± 0.13	>0.05
Satisfaction (%)	84.2 ± 17.0	91.7 ± 13.4	>0.05
Spectacle independence (%)	93.9 ± 19.6	96.7 ± 8.2	>0.05
Reading (%)	95.2 ± 10.2	96.7 ± 8.2	>0.05
PC use (%)	97.2 ± 7.0	100 ± 0	>0.05
Night driving (%)	89.0 ± 10.1	96.7 ± 8.7	>0.05
Night symptoms (%)	87.6 ± 12.4	90 ± 11	>0.05
Facial care (%)	92.4 ± 12.4	93.3 ± 10.3	>0.05

Note: *Significant.

Abbreviations: VAsc, distance visual acuity without correction; Vacc, distance visual acuity with correction; Int. VA, intermediate visual acuity without correction; NVAsc, near visual acuity without correction; NVAcc, near visual acuity with distance correction.

Table 5 Comparison Between Males And Females (Mean ± SD)

	Males (n=18)	Females (n=17)	P Value
Age (years)	57.6 ± 9.6	52.2 ± 12.7	>0.05
IOL power (D)	20.2 ± 3.5	20.8 ± 4.3	>0.05
Steep K (D)	43.6 ± 1.9	44.9 ± 1.4	<0.05*
Flat K (D)	42.4 ± 2.7	43.5 ± 1.7	>0.05
Corneal cylinder (D)	1.0 ± 0.8	1.4 ± 1.2	>0.05
Axial length (mm)	24.3 ± 1.4	23.6 ± 1.8	>0.05
Post-op. sphere (D)	0.17 0.5	0.15 0.3	>0.05
Post-op. cylinder (D)	−0.3 0.4	−0.4 0.6	>0.05
Post-op. spherical equivalent (D)	−0.01 0.5	−0.05 0.2	>0.05
VAsc (LogMAR)	0.07 ± 0.1	0.1 ± 0.1	>0.05
VAcc (LogMAR)	0.03 ± 0.1	0.06 ± 0.1	>0.05
Int. VA (LogMAR)	0.04 ± 0.1	0.06 ± 0.08	>0.05
NVAsc (LogMAR)	0.04 ± 0.1	0.06 ± 0.09	>0.05
NVAcc (LogMAR)	0.03 ± 0.1	0.05 ± 0.07	>0.05
Satisfaction (%)	84.4 ± 16.1	83.5 ± 19.0	>0.05
Spectacle independence (%)	96.7 ± 10.3	92.0 ± 24.0	>0.05
Reading (%)	96.7 ± 10.3	94.1 ± 9.4	>0.05
PC use (%)	98.9 ± 4.7	96.5 ± 7.9	>0.05
Night driving (%)	90.0 ± 10.3	90.6 ± 10.3	>0.05
Night symptoms (%)	86.7 ± 11.9	89.4 ± 12.5	>0.05
Facial care (%)	95.6 ± 11.0	89.4 ± 12.5	>0.05

Note: *Significant.

Abbreviations: VAsc, distance visual acuity without correction; Vacc, distance visual acuity with correction; Int. VA, intermediate visual acuity without correction; NVAsc, near visual acuity without correction; NVAcc, near visual acuity with distance correction.

Table 6 Comparison Between Patients Implanted Bilaterally And In One Eye Only (Mean ± SD)

	Bilateral Implantation (n=25)	Unilateral Implantation (n=10)	P Value
Age (years)	52.4 ± 11.5	53.8 ± 11.7	>0.05
Spectacle independence (%)	96.8 ± 9.5	88.3 ± 30.6	>0.05
Reading (%)	94.4 ± 10.8	98.0 ± 6.3	>0.05
PC use (%)	98.4 ± 5.5	96.0 ± 8.4	>0.05
Night driving (%)	90.4 ± 10.2	90.0 ± 10.5	>0.05
Night symptoms (%)	87.2 ± 12.8	90.0 ± 10.5	>0.05
Facial care (%)	92.0 ± 11.5	94.0 ± 13.5	>0.05

Figure 1 Comparison between eyes implanted with non-toric and toric models (P>0.05).

Figure 2 Comparison between males and females (P>0.05).

Figure 3 Comparison between patients implanted bilaterally and those implanted unilaterally (P>0.05).

Table 7 Correlation Between Age And IOL Power From One Side And Visual Results And Subjective Performance Form The Other Side (r)

	Age	IOL Power	P Value
VAcc	0.22	0.16	>0.05
Int.	0.23	0.2	>0.05
NVsc	0.29	0.17	>0.05
NVcc	0.27	0.13	>0.05
Satisfaction	0.02	0.18	>0.05
Spectacle independence	0.28	−0.08	>0.05
Reading	0.13	−0.03	>0.05
PC	−0.04	−0.06	>0.05
Night driving	−0.1	0.28	>0.05
Night symptoms	0.08	0.18	>0.05
Facial care	0.15	−0.06	>0.05