Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Keratitis at a Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh

Figures & data

Table 1 Associations Between Organisms and Risk Factors of Bacterial Keratitis

Risk Factors	Organism
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa N=16	Staphylococcus Epidermidis N=61	Staphylococcus aureus N=18	Streptococcus pneumoniae N=23	Moraxella sp N=8	Staphylococcus hominis N=15	MRSA N=4	Others N=32
Contact lens	3 (18.75)	6 (9.84)	3 (16.67)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (6.25)
Ocular surface disease	1 (6.25)	18 (29.51)	6 (33.33)	10 (43.48)	0 (0)	6 (40)	2 (50)	9 (28.13)
Recent ocular surgery	2 (12.5)	10 (16.39)	3 (16.67)	9 (39.13)	4 (50)	1 (6.67)	1 (25)	9 (28.13)
Trauma	4 (25)	17 (27.87)	7 (38.89)	10 (43.48)	7 (87.5)	3 (20)	1 (25)	19 (59.38)
Diabetes mellitus	0 (0)	13 (21.31)	3 (16.67)	8 (34.78)	3 (37.5)	2 (13.33)	3 (75)	8 (25)
Topical steroid	0 (0)	3 (4.92)	2 (11.11)	3 (13.04)	0 (0)	3 (20)	0 (0)	2 (6.25)
Systemic immunosuppression	1 (6.25)	0 (0)	1 (5.56)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)

Table 2 Associations Between Organisms and Visual Acuity (VA)

Organism	Number	VA First Visit	VA Last Visit	P-value
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	3	0.45	0.10	0.500
Staphylococcus epidermidis	22	1.50	1.47	0.907
Staphylococcus aureus	7	1.76	0.94	0.093
Streptococcus pneumoniae	12	1.85	1.81	0.718
Moraxella sp	5	2.28	1.54	0.250
Staphylococcus hominis	4	2.75	2.50	0.915
MRSA	2	3.50	3.50	–
Others	21	1.81	1.66	0.641
Overall	76	1.78	1.58	0.076

Table 3 Sensitivity and Resistance Against Most Common Causative Organisms of Bacterial Keratitis

		Organism
Antibiotics	Level	Ps N=16	Se N=61	Sa N=18	Sp N=23	Mx N=8	Sh N=15	MRSA N=4	Gp N=20	Gn N=12
Penicillin	R	3 (100%)	55 (90.16%)	15 (83.33%)	12 (54.55%)	1 (50%)	13 (86.67%)	4 (100%)	9 (47.37%)	5 (71.43%)
Tobramycin	R	0 (0%)	1 (100%)	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Ceftazidime	R	1 (7.69%)	–	–	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	–	–	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Ofloxacin	R	0 (0%)	7 (13.46%)	1 (7.14%)	1 (5%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (33.33%)
Gentamicin	R	0 (0%)	10 (16.39%)	1 (5.56%)	19 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (20%)	2 (18.18%)
Ciprofloxacin	R	0 (0%)	8 (15.09%)	2 (11.11%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	4 (36.36%)
AMPICILLIN	R	4 (100%)	53 (89.83%)	14 (87.5%)	10 (47.62%)	4 (57.14%)	12 (80%)	4 (100%)	9 (45%)	6 (60%)
Erythromycin	R	2 (66.67%)	29 (48.33%)	0 (0%)	11 (47.83%)	0 (0%)	8 (57.14%)	3 (75%)	9 (45%)	4 (66.67%)
Piperacillin/Tazobactam	R	1 (8.33%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	–	0 (0%)	–	–	–	1 (25%)
Amikacin	R	0 (0%)	–	–	1 (100)	0 (0%)	–	–	–	0 (0%)
Chloramphenicol	R	4 (40%)	4 (7.27%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (16.67%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Amox/Cla	R	1 (33.33%)	26 (44.07%)	1 (5.56%)	6 (30%)	2 (25%)	8 (53.33%)	4 (100%)	3 (15.79%)	4 (40%)
Tetracycline	R	1 (50%)	19 (44.19%)	2 (11.76%)	6 (30%)	0 (0%)	3 (27.27%)	1 (25%)	3 (21.43%)	1 (50%)
Cefalexin	R	2 (50%)	26 (42.62%)	2 (11.76%)	10 (50%)	1 (20%)	8 (53.33%)	4 (100%)	6 (31.58%)	5 (62.5%)
Cefuroxime	R	2 (50%)	26 (42.62%)	1 (5.56%)	1 (5%)	1 (20%)	8 (53.33%)	4 (100%)	3 (16.67%)	5 (55.56%)
Ceftriaxone	R	2 (40%)	23 (43.4%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	6 (50%)	3 (100%)	2 (11.76%)	1 (11.11%)
Imipenem	R	0 (0%)	–	–	–	0 (0%)	–	–	–	0(0%)
Vancomycin	R	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)

Abbreviations: Pa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Se, staphylococcus epidermidis; Sa, Staphylococcus aureus; Sp, Streptococcus pneumoniae; Mx, Moraxella sp; Sh, Staphylococcus hominis; MRSA, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Gp, Gram Positive; Gn, Gram Negative; R, Resistant.

Table 4 Associations Between Risk Factors and Visual Acuity

Risk Factors	Number	VA First Visit	VA Last Visit	P-value
Contact lens	7	0.56	0.01	0.062
Osd	18	1.67	0.97	0.033
Recent ocular surgery	24	2.43	2.38	0.483
Trauma	41	2.16	2.01	0.389
Diabetes mellitus	24	2.50	2.49	0.954
Topical steroid	11	2.69	2.25	0.093