Comparison of Macular Pigment Optical Density in Glaucoma Patients and Healthy Subjects – A Prospective Diagnostic Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the Study Population

Variables	Glaucoma-Group (n=43)	Control-Group (n=43)	p-value
Age (mean; range)	70 (34–84)	62 (30–87)	0.085
Gender, n (male/female)	18/25	15/28	0.506
BMI (mean, SD)	24.77 ± 3.68	25.74 ±5.68	0.099
Lens status, n (phakic/pseudophakic)	28/15	38/5	0.011
Axial length (mean, SD)	23.63 mm ± 1.87	23.62 mm ± 1.30	0.987
Visual acuity (median, quartile)	0.75 (0.525; 0.8)	1.0 (0.8; 1.0)	0.02
CDR (median, quartile)	0.80 (0.7;0.9)	0.30 (0.3; 0.4)	<0.001
CFT (mean, SD)	223 µm ± 20	225 µm ± 25	0.738
MD (median, quartile)	5.1 db (3.0; 13.5)	Not done
RNFL global (mean, SD)	65.9 µm ± 16.1 (n=41)	Not done

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; CDR, cup-disc-ratio; CFT, central foveal thickness; MD, visual field mean defect; RNFL, retinal nerve fibre layer.

Table 2 Three Multiple Linear Regression Models to Assess the Correlation Between Presence of Glaucoma, Age, Sex, Lens Status, MPOD at 0.51°, 1.02° and 1.99° Retinal Eccentricity

Variables	MPOD 0.51°	MPOD 1.02°	MPOD 1.99°
	Regression Coefficient/p-value	Regression Coefficient/p-value	Regression Coefficient/p-value
(Intercept)	0.343/<0.001	0.132/0.113	0.062/0.164
Absence of glaucoma	−0.021/0.510	−0.010/0.735	−0.011/0.481
Age	0.001/0.463	0.003/0.017^a	0.001/0.185
Sex (male)	0.030/0.330	0.007/0.799	−0.002/0.909
Lens status (phakic)	0.038/0.368	0.047/0.221	0.035/0.092
Visual acuity	0.094/0.370	0.047/0.622	0.075/0.151

Note: ^aPositive correlation between age and MPOD at 1.02° retinal eccentricity.

Figure 1 Correlation of average macular pigment optical density (MPOD) at 1.02° retinal eccentricity, glaucoma disease and age. MPOD is positively correlated with age (see Table 2).

Table 3 Logistic Regression Model to Assess the Correlation of Glare Symptoms with the Co-Variates Glaucoma, Age, Sex, Lens Status, MPOD at 1.02° Retinal Eccentricity

Variates	Glare Symptoms
	Odds Ratio	p-value
(Intercept)		0.049
Absence of glaucoma	0.558	0.267
Age	0.975	0.262
Sex (male)	0.487	0.155
Lens status (phakic)	1.455	0.603
MPOD 1.02°	1.12	0.948
Visual acuity	0.011	0.025*

Note: *p < 0.05.

Figure 2 Correlation of av. MPOD 1.02°, glaucoma disease and glare symptoms. No statistically significant correlation between glare symptoms and MPOD at 1.02° retinal eccentricity in both groups.