Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant versus Ahmed Glaucoma Implant in a One-Year Follow Up, Comparative Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Data of Patients with Baerveldt-350 mm² and Ahmed 184 mm² Implants

	Baerveldt-350(n = 25)	Ahmed-184(n = 56)	P Value
Mean age in years (SD)	45 ±5.92	45.05 ±6.31	0.102*
Sex, female/male	13/12	21/35	0.221***
Glaucoma subtype
Neovascular glaucoma	12(48%)	22(39.28%)	0.745**
Glaucoma with prior trabeculectomy procedure including	12(48%)	32(57.15%)
1-Uveitic glaucoma	2	6
2-Congenital glaucoma	2	2
3-Primary open angle glaucoma	5	18
4-Pseudophakic glaucoma	2	4
5-Glaucoma after infantile cataract surgery	1	2
Postkeratoplasty glaucoma	1(4%)	2(3.57%)
Previous ocular surgery Trabeculectomy	20 (repeated surgery in eight patients + 4 trabeculectomies in secondary and congenital glaucoma)	34 (repeated surgery in ten patients + 14 trabeculectomies in secondary and congenital glaucoma)	0.894**
Penetrating keratoplasty	1(4%)	2(3.57)
Cataract extraction ± intraocular lens placement	17(68%)	35(64%)
Other procedures	12 cases (48%)	18 cases (32%)	0.897**
Panretinal photocoagulation ranibizumab injection	40 injections	50 injections
Diode laser cycloablation	1(4%)	1(1.7)
Preoperative PSD	12 cases 3.192 ±0.808	20 cases 2.305 ±0.460	0.411*
Preoperative IOP in mmHg (SD)	The mean IOP was 45.00 mmHg ± 5.92	The mean IOP was 45.17mmHg ± 6.35	0.905*
The range of IOP	55–35 mmHg	56–35 mmHg
Glaucoma drugs used before surgery (dorzolamide/timolol eye drops, latanoprost eye drops, Acetazolamide tablets)	3.88±0.33	3.91±0.28	0.673*
Preoperative VA (2/60–6/24).
Median	1.176	1.079	0.272**
Interquartile Range	0.48	0.30

Notes: *Assessed by independent t-test. **Assessed by Mann–Whitney test. ***Assessed by chi-squared test of independence (X²).

Figure 1 Graph demonstrating the mean intraocular pressures (IOPs) ± standard deviation after implantation of BGI and AGV devices in one-year follow-up. Error bars represent standard deviation.

Table 2 Intraocular Pressure and Medical Therapy at Baseline and Follow-up in BGI and AGV groups

IOP (mmHg; mean_±SD) (Before + After Glaucoma Medication)	BGI Group, n (%)	AGV Group, n (%)	P Value
Preoperative IOP	45.00 mmHg ± 5.92	45.17mmHg ± 6.35	0.905*
Preoperative IOP with medication	29.4 mmHg ±2.59 (27.98–30.82) (25 cases)	23.94 mmHg ± 3.93 (23.02-24.91) (56 cases)
Glaucoma medications	3.91± 0.28	3.88± 0.33	0.673*
First month postop IOP (mmHg) without medication	7.08 mmHg ± 1.63 (25 cases)	12.86 mmHg ± 1.77 (52 cases)
First month postoperative IOP with medication	(0.00 cases)	18 mmHg ±0.81 (4 cases)
Mean IOP at first month	7.08 mmHg ± 1.63 (6.27–7.89)	13.23 mmHg ± 2.17 (12.69–13.77)	0.00**
Glaucoma medications	0.00	0.14± 0.51	0.175*
Three months postop IOP (mmHg) without medication	12.12 mmHg ±1.23 (25 cases)	13.86 mmHg± 1.31 (36 cases)
Three months postop IOP with medication Mean IOP at third month	(0.00 cases) 12.12 mmHg ±1.23 (11.25–12.99)	17.45 mmHg±2.41 (20 cases) 15.14 mmHg±2.47 (14.57–15.72)	0.00**
Glaucoma medications	0.00	0.75 ± 0.97	0.001*
Six months postop IOP (mmHg) without medication	14.61 mmHg ±3.51 (13 cases)	13.54 mmHg±1.35 (24 cases)
Six months postop IOP with medication	19.25 mmHg ±3.51 (12 cases)	16.25 mmHg±2.94 (32 cases)
Mean IOP at sixth month	16.84 mmHg ±3.54 (15.65–18.04)	15.08 mmHg±2.73 (14.29–15.89)	0.018**
Glaucoma medications	0.96 ± 1.01	1.30 ±1.14	0.201*
Nine months postop IOP (mmHg) without medication	13.80 mmHg ±0.44 (5 cases)	14.81 mmHg ±1.16 (11 cases)
Nine months postop IOP with medication	15.85 mmHg ± 2.39 (20 cases)	16.68 mmHg ±3.08 (45 cases)
Mean IOP at ninth month	15.44 mmHg ±2.29 (14.35–16.53)	16.32 mmHg ±2.89 (15.60–17.05)	0.183**
Glaucoma medications	1.6 ± 0.81	2.48 ± 1.42	0.005*
Twelve months postop IOP (mmHg) without medication	14.40 mmHg ±0.54 (5 cases)	14.50 mmHg ±0.92 (8 cases)
Twelve months postop IOP with medication	14.84± 2.79 (20 cases)	17.27 mmHg ±3.57 (48 cases)
Mean IOP at twelve months	14.76 mmHg ±2.5 (13.52–16.00)	16.57 mmHg ±3.35 (15.74–17.40)	0.015**
Glaucoma medications	1.6 ± 0.81	2.83 ± 1.34	0.001*

Notes: *Assessed by independent t-test. **Assessed by GLM-multivariant and independent t- test.

Figure 2 Graph demonstrating the mean number of glaucoma medications ± standard deviation after implantation of BGI or AGV in one-year follow-up. Error bars represent standard deviation.

Figure 3 Kaplan-Meier survival curve of BGI and AGV groups reported 12% and 19.6% failure rate in one year follow up. The mean of BGI group was 403.80 (95% CI, 397.21–410.39), and the mean of AGV group was 389.21 (95% CI, 377.19–401.23). (0.364).

Figure 4 LogMAR chart shows the visual acuity changes before and after surgery in BGI group.

Figure 5 LogMAR chart shows the visual acuity changes before and after surgery in AGV group.

Table 3 Outcomes and Postoperative Complications after Implantation of the Baerveldt Glaucoma Valves or Ahmed Glaucoma Valves

Outcome Variables	BGI Group, n (%)	AGV Group, n (%)	P Value
Visual acuity after surgery			.
Median	1.176	1.176	0.254**
Interquartile Range	0.44	0.30
PSD after surgery	3.200 ±.810	2.235 ±.464	0.434*
Postoperative choroidal detachment	23 cases 0.00 Exp(B) 30.442		0.005***
Postoperative hyphema	0.00 8 cases Exp(B) 852625.21		0.980***
Flattened conjunctival bleb	0.00 10 cases Exp(B) 893932.35		0.978***
Tube exposure	0.00 6 cases Exp(B) 1066513.26		0.983***

Notes: *Assessed by independent t-test. **Assessed by Mann-Whitney test. ***Assessed by Cox regression analysis.