Effects of Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant Surgery on Corneal Endothelial Cells of Patients with No History of Trabeculectomy

Figures & data

Table 1 The Ophthalmic Data

	AC (23 Eyes)	VC (62 Eyes)	p-Value
Age (yrs)	64.9 ± 16.5	67.5 ± 12.6	0.436
Pre-operative IOP (mmHg)	30.6 ± 9.4	32.1 ± 8.4	0.460
Pre-operative Medications	3.8 ± 0.7	3.6 ± 0.7	0.223
Follow-up period (months)	42.5 ± 15.5	31.9 ± 17.6	0.0126
Pre-operative ECD (cells/mm^2)	2309 ± 498	2204 ± 556	0.426
History of cataract	18/23 (78.3%)	59/62 (95.2%)	0.0265
History of PPV	1/23 (4.4%)	32/62 (51.6%)	<0.0001
History of TLO	11/23 (47.8)	12/62 (19.4%)	0.037
POAG	12/65 (52.2%)	11/62 (17.7%)	0.0004
NVG	2/23 (8.7%)	30/62 (48.4%)	0.0003
PEG	4/23 (17.4%)	12/62 (19.4%)	0.836
Other SG	5/23 (21.7%)	9/62 (14.5%)	0.735

Abbreviations: IOP, intraocular pressure; ECD, endothelial cells density; PPV, pars plana vitrectomy; TLO, trabeculotomy; POAG, primary open-angle glaucoma; PEG, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma; SG, secondary glaucoma.

Figure 1 Results of the Kaplan–Meier analysis that used Criteria A and Criteria B. Solid line: Criteria A. Dotted line: Criteria B.

Table 2 Results of A Multivariate Analysis of Factors Associated with Surgical Outcomes with Criteria A

Factors	Odds Ratio	CI Lower 95%	CI Upper 95%	P Value
Age	1.021	0.9461	1.108	0.6214
Premedications	1.138	0.337	3.849	0.933
Pre-IOP	1.0004	0.998	1.002	0.126
Pre-ECD	1.083	0.973	1.206	0.679
Type of glaucoma (NVG)	6.734	0.254	178.729	0.254
Type of glaucoma (POAG)	1.426	0.0948	21.46	0.798
Insert position (AC or Vit)	0.0993	0.00532	1.855	0.122
History of cataract	0.203	0.00988	1.179	0.302
History of TLO	0.682	0.106	4.393	0.687
History of PPV	0.618	0.0511	7.474	0.705

Abbreviations: Cl, confidence interval; IOP, intraocular pressure; ECD, endothelial cells density; NVG, neo-vascular glaucoma; POAG, primary open-angle glaucoma; AC, anterior chamber; VC, vitreous cavity; TLO, trabeculotomy; PPV, pars plana vitrectomy.

Table 3 Results of a Multivariate Analysis of Factors Associated with Surgical Outcomes with Criteria B

Factors	Odds Ratio	CI Lower 95%	CI Upper 95%	P Value
Age	0.98	0.909	1.057	0.596
Premedications	1.184	0.361	3.889	0.777
Pre-IOP	1	0.998	1.001	0.178
Pre-ECD	1.067	0.968	1.177	0.891
Type of glaucoma (NVG)	5.274	0.314	88.664	0.206
Type of glaucoma (POAG)	0.244	0.0329	14.258	0.244
Type of glaucoma (PEG)	0.685	0.0329	14.258	0.807
Type of glaucoma (SG)	1.664	0.334	6.537	0.502
Insert position (AC or VC)	0.0316	0.00998	2.25	0.0086
History of cataract	0.15	0.00998	2.251	0.17
History of TLO	0.657	0.0995	4.333	0.662
History of PPV	1.449	0.181	11.57	0.727

Abbreviations: Cl, confidence interval; IOP, intraocular pressure; ECD, endothelial cells density; NVG, neo-vascular glaucoma; POAG, primary open-angle glaucoma; PEG, pseudo-exfoliation glaucoma; SG, other secondary glaucoma; AC, anterior chamber; VC, vitreous cavity; TLO, trabeculotomy; PPV, pars plana vitrectomy.

Table 4 The Post-Operative IOP Value and Number of Glaucoma Medications

	AC (n)		VC (n)		p-Value
	IOP (mmHg)	Medications	IOP (mmHg)	Medications	IOP	Medications
Pre-operative	30.6 ± 9.4 (23)	3.7 ± 0.8 (23)	32.1 ± 8.4 (62)	3.6 ± 0.7 (62)	0.460	0.223
1 year	12.5 ± 4.0 (23)	2.5 ± 1.8 (22)	10.7 ± 3.8 (62)	2.2 ± 1.6 (62)	0.0675	0.411
2 years	13.7 ± 4.1 (22)	2.7 ± 1.5 (22)	11.3 ± 3.6 (47)	2.2 ± 1.5 (47)	0.0350	0.239
3 years	12.0 ± 4.9 (17)	2.4 ± 1.7 (17)	11.6 ± 3.7 (28)	1.9 ± 1.7 (28)	0.708	0.388
4 years	11.9 ± 4.2 (14)	2.2 ± 1.4 (14)	12.6 ± 3.6 (18)	2.3 ± 1.8 (18)	0.654	0.840
5 years	11.4 ± 5.6 (8)	2.1 ± 2.0 (8)	11.4 ± 3.7 (10)	2.5 ± 1.4 (10)	0.991	0.593

Abbreviations: AC, anterior chamber; VC, vitreous cavity; IOP, intraocular pressure.

Table 5 The Mean Post-Operative ECD Value in the AC Group

(Cells/mm^2) (n)	Pre-Operative ECD	Post-Operative ECD	p-Value
1 year (22)	2310 ± 498	2136 ± 686	0.681
2 years (19)	2424 ± 418	2155 ± 587	0.164
3 years (16)	2412 ± 453	1922 ± 609	0.0159
4 years (13)	2388 ± 506	1810 ± 627	0.0183
5 years (7)	2297 ± 564	1408 ± 794	0.0639

Abbreviation: ECD, endothelial cells density.

Table 6 The Mean of Post-Operative ECD Value in the VC Group

(Cells/mm^2) (n)	Pre-Operative ECD	Post-Operative IOP	p-Value
1 year (62)	2207 ± 582	2203 ± 556	0.842
2 years (45)	2259 ± 478	2297 ± 493	0.455
3 years (27)	2292 ± 431	2196 ± 431	0.307
4 years (18)	2348 ± 510	2254 ± 472	0.389
5 years (10)	2272 ± 546	2212 ± 559	0.850

Abbreviation: ECD, endothelial cells density

Table 7 Comparison of the Mean of Post-Operative ECD Reduction Rates in the AC and VC Groups

	AC Group (n)	VC Group (n)	P Value
1 year	93.1 ± 19.7% (22)	100.8 ± 13.5% (62)	0.0456
2 years	89.1 ± 21.3% (19)	97.8 ± 12.1% (45)	0.0431
3 years	80.1 ± 22.8% (16)	96.2 ± 10.0% (27)	0.0025
4 years	76.8 ± 22.6% (13)	96.6 ± 9.3% (17)	0.0027
5 years	62.8 ± 32.2% (7)	97.4 ± 9.1% (11)	0.0053

Abbreviations: AC, anterior chamber; VC, vitreous cavity; ECD, endothelial cells density.

Figure 2 Comparison of surgical outcomes between the AC group and VC group with Criteria A. Solid line: AC group. Dotted line: VC group. No significant difference (p=0.516).

Figure 3 Comparison of surgical outcomes between the AC group and VC group with Criteria B. Significantly better surgical outcomes were achieved in the VC group vs the AC group (p=0.0241, log-rank test). Solid line: AC group. Dotted line: VC group.