https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0345-0467
Figures & data
Figure 1 (A) Suggested treatment decision tree for the clinical scenario of proliferative diabetic retinopathy without diabetic macular edema. (B) Suggested treatment decision tree for the clinical scenario of proliferative diabetic retinopathy with center-involved diabetic macular edema. (C) Suggested treatment decision tree for the scenario of clinically significant diabetic macular edema. CSDME=clinically significant diabetic macular edema, which falls into 3 subcategories: edema of 1 disc area or more within 1 disc diameter of the fovea; foveal or parafoveal hard lipid with adjacent macular thickening; or foveal thickening. Focal laser means modified focal-grid laser in the manner outlined by the diabetic retinopathy clinical research network. Subthreshold laser may eventually gain a place in this block, but currently, the evidence is not strong enough to merit commensurate standing with focal laser.
Abbreviations: PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; DME, diabetic macular edema; PRP, panretinal photocoagulation; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; CI-DME, center-involved diabetic macular edema.
Table 1 Pharmacotherapy of Diabetic Retinopathy and Macular Edema
Table 2 Anti-VEGF Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema: Selected Studies
Table 3 Current Investigational Pharmacotherapy for Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema(1–4)