Prevalence and Associated Factors of Pterygium Among Adults Living in Kolla Diba Town, Northwest Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1 Continued.

Figure 1 Data extraction form/questionnaire.

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics Among Adults Living in Kolla Diba Town, Northwest Ethiopia, June 2019 (n=605)

Characteristics	Frequency	Percent (%)
Age (in years)
18–26	169	27.9
27–35	161	26.6
36–48	133	22.0
≥49	142	23.5
Gender
Male	317	52.4
Female	288	47.6
Marital status
Single	179	29.6
Married	303	50.1
Divorced	80	13.2
Widowed	43	7.1
Educational status
Unable to read and write	99	16.4
Read & write only	80	13.2
Primary school	100	16.5
Secondary school	188	31.1
College and above	138	22.8
Type of occupation
Indoor*	410	67.8
Outdoor**	195	32.2
Monthly income (ETB)
≤ 1000	172	28.4
1001–2000	134	22.1
2001–3635	148	24.5
≥ 3636	151	25.0

Notes: Where *(Teacher, office workers, shop keepers, bank accountant). **(Farmer, construction workers, daily laborers).

Table 2 Environmental Factors Associated with Pterygium Among Adults Living in Kolla Diba Town, Northwest Ethiopia, June 2019 (n=605)

Variables	Frequency	Percent (%)
Dust exposure
Yes	337	55.7
No	268	44.3
Sun exposure
Non exposed (<5hr)	325	53.7
Exposed (≥5hr)	280	46.3
Wind exposure
Yes	350	57.9
No	255	42.1
Time spent outdoor
<5hr.	303	50.1
≥5hr.	302	49.9

Table 3 Behavioral/Lifestyle Factors Associated with Pterygium Among Adults Living in Kolla Diba Town, Northwest Ethiopia, June 2019 (n=605)

Variables	Frequency	Percent (%)
Use of sunglass or hat
No	434	71.7
Yes	171	28.3
Drinking status
Never	255	42.2
Past	86	14.2
Present	264	43.6
Smoking status
Never	518	85.6
Past	64	10.6
Present	23	3.8
Use of traditional eye medication
No	514	85.0
Yes	91	15.0
Severe blepharitis
No	312	51.6
Yes	293	48.4
History of dry eye
No	503	83.1
Yes	102	16.9
History of hypertension
No	558	92.2
Yes	47	7.8
Family history of pterygium
No	498	82.3
Yes	107	17.7

Table 4 Prevalence, Laterality, Location and Severity of Pterygium Among Adults Living in Kolla Diba Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019

Variables	Frequency	Percent (%)
Pterygium (n=605)
Yes	112	18.5
No	493	81.5
Laterality
Unilateral	65	58.0
Bilateral	47	42.0
Location
Nasal	87	77.7
Temporal	12	10.7
Double (both side)	13	11.6
Severity
Grade 1	63	56.3
Grade 2	38	33.9
Grade 3	9	8.0
Grade 4	2	1.8

Table 5 Binary Logistic Regression of Factors Associated with Pterygium Among Adults Living in Kolla Diba Town, Northwest Ethiopia, June 2019(n=605)

Variables	Pterygium		COR(95% CI)	AOR(95% CI)
	Yes	No
Age
18–26	23	146	1.00	1.00
27–35	22	139	1.00 (0.54, 1.88)	0.60 (0.28, 1.30)
36–48	34	99	2.18 (1.21, 3.92)	0.87 (0.38, 1.96)
≥49	33	109	1.92 (1.07, 3.46)	0.91 (0.38, 2.15)
Gender
Female	39	249	1.00	1.00
Male	73	244	1.91 (1.25, 2.93)	1.03 (0.58, 1.83)
Marital status
Single	20	159	1.00	1.00
Married	59	244	1.92 (1.12, 3.31)	1.44 (0.78, 2.65)
Divorced	19	61	2.48 (1.24, 4.96)	1.63 (0.75, 3.57)
Widowed	14	29	3.84 (1.74, 8.45)	7.32 (2.88,18.57)***
Educational status
Unable to read & write	22	77	2.53 (1.22, 5.24)	1.01 (0.38, 2.70)
Read & write only	18	62	2.57 (1.20, 5.51)	1.18 (0.47, 3.00)
Primary	22	78	2.50 (1.20, 5.17)	1.52 (0.64, 3.61)
Secondary	36	152	2.10 (1.10, 4.10)	1.44 (0.67, 3.10)
College & above	14	124	1.00	1.00
Occupation
Indoor	41	369	1.00	1.00
Outdoor	71	124	5.15 (3.34, 7.96)	2.50 (1.46, 4.29)***
Dust exposure
Non exposed	25	243	1.00	1.00
Exposed	87	250	3.38 (2.10, 5.46)	0.88 (0.42, 1.86)
Sun exposure
Non exposed	26	299	1.00	1.00
Exposed	86	194	5.12 (3.19, 8.24)	2.38 (1.28, 4.43)**
Wind exposure
No	19	236	1.00	1.00
Yes	93	257	4.50 (2.66, 7.60)	1.97 (1.04, 3.72)*
Duration/Time spent outdoor
<5hr	29	274	1.00	1.00
≥5hr	83	219	3.58 (2.26, 5.66)	0.75 (0.33, 1.68)
Use of sunglass or hat
Yes	23	148	1.00	1.00
No	89	345	1.66 (1.01, 2.73)	1.43 (0.82, 2.50)
Drinking status
Never	24	231	1.00
Past	16	70	2.20 (1.11, 4.40)	1.73 (0.81, 3.69)
Present	72	192	3.61 (2.20, 5.95)	2.62 (1.48, 4.63)**
Smoking status
Never	84	434	1.00	1.00
Past	23	41	2.90 (1.65, 5.10)	1.26 (0.63, 2.48)
Present	5	18	1.44 (0.52, 3.97)	0.70 (0.21, 2.25)
Use of traditional eye medication
No	84	430	1.00	1.00
Yes	28	63	2.28 (1.38, 3.76)	1.12 (0.60, 2.10)
Severe blepharitis
No	30	282	1.00	1.00
Yes	82	211	3.65 (2.32, 5.76)	2.45 (1.48, 4.05)***
History of dry eye
No	78	425	1.00	1.00
Yes	34	68	2.72 (1.69, 4.39)	0.88 (0.46, 1.67)
History of HTN
No	97	461	1.00	1.00
Yes	15	32	2.23 (1.16, 4.27)	1.47 (0.66, 3.30)

Note: *p≤0.05; **p≤0.01; ***p≤0.001; 1.00 = reference.

Abbreviation: CI, Confidence Interval.