Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) of Diabetics Towards Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographics

Variables		Frequency(%)
Age (n=302)	<30	55(18.2%)
	30–60	194(64.2%)
	>60	53(17.5%)
Gender (n=311)	Male	168(59.8%)
	Female	125(40.2%)
Marital status (n=311)	Sinlge	67(21.5%)
	Married	199(64%)
	Widow	32(10.3%)
	Divorced	13(4.2%)
Educational level (n=310)	Illiterate	38(12.3%)
	Primary	31(10%)
	Secondary	30(9.7%)
	High school	70(22.6%)
	Collage	104(33.5%)
	Post graduate	37(11.9%)
Family monthly income (n=289)	<5K	62(21.5%)
	5–10K	66(22.8%)
	10–15K	76(26.3%)
	15–20K	50(17.3%)
	>20K	35(12.1%)
Family member has DM (n=313)		244(78%)
Duration of DM (n=308)	≤10 years	200(64.9%)
	≤20 years	83(26.9%)
	>20 years	25(8.1%)

Table 2 KAP Regarding Diabetes

		Knowledge (n=304)		P-value	Attitude (n=277)		P-value	Practice (n=214)		P-value
		Good	Poor		Good	Poor		Good	Poor
Gender	Male	68(56.2%)	53(43.8%)	0.386	0	109(100%)	0.519	29(37.2%)	49(62.8%)	0.108
	Female	92(51.1%)	88(48.9%)		2(1.2%)	163(98.8%)		66(48.5%)	70(51.5%)
Marital status	Single	42(64.6%)	23(35.4%)	0.165	0	61(100%)	0.639	21(38.9.%)	33(61.1%)	0.737
	Married	95(48.7%)	100(51.3%)		3(1.7%)	173(98.3%)		60(47.6%)	66(52.4%)
	Widow	16(53.3%)	14(46.7%)		0	25(100%)		10(43.5%)	13(56.5%)
	Divorced	7(58.3%)	5(41.7%)		0	12(100%)		4(50%)	4(50%)
Educational level	Illiterate	12(32.4%)	25(67.6%)	<0.0001	0	32(100%)	0.668	16(57.1%)	12(42.9%)	0.013
	Primary	14(46.7%)	16(53.3%)		1(4%)	24(96%)		10(40%)	15(60%)
	Secondary	12(40%)	18(60%)		0	28(100%)		10(52.6%)	9(47.4%)
	High school	30(44.8%)	37(55.2%)		1(1.7%)	58(98.3%)		27(57.4%)	20(42.6%)
	Collage	62(60.8%)	40(39.2%)		1(1.1%)	93(98.9%)		27(38.6%)	43(61.4%)
	Post graduate	31(83.8%)	6(16.2%)		0	36(100%)		3(14.3%)	18(85.7%)
Family monthly income (n=)	<5K	20(33.9%)	39(66.1%)	<0.0001	1(1.9%)	51(98.1%)	0.495	19(43.2%)	25(56.8%)	0.065
	5–10K	33(50.8%)	32(49.2%)		0	58(100%)		24(54.5%)	20(45.5%)
	10–15K	45(60.8%)	29(39.2%)		2(2.8%)	69(97.2%)		28(54.9%)	23(45.1%)
	15–20K	33(67.3%)	16(32.7%)		0	46(100%)		9(29%)	22(71%)
	>20K	26(76.5%)	8(23.5%)		0	34(100%)		7(30.4%)	16(69.6%)
Family member has DM		128(53.8%)	110(46.2%)	0.666	2(0.9%)	218(99.1%)	0.495	71(42%)	98(58%)	0.136
Place of follow-up	University	53(52%)	49(48%)	0.804	2(2.2%)	91(79.8%)	0.222	24(48%)	26(52%)	0.558
	Primary care	108(53.5%)	94(46.5%)		1(0.5%)	183(99.5%)		71(43.3%)	93(56.7%)
Age	<30	38(69.1%)	17(30.9%)	0.049	0	49(100%)	0.200	16(39%)	25(61%)	0.380
	30–60	95(50.5%)	93(49.5%)		1(0.6%)	176(99.4%)		63(47.4%)	70(52.6%)
	>60	26(52%)	24(48%)		1(2.4%)	41(97.6%)		11(35.5%)	20(64.5%)
Duration of DM	≤10	102(52.6%)	92(47.4%)	0.441	1(0.6%)	178(99.4%)	0.192	66(45.8%)	78(54.2%)	0.565
	≤20	47(58%)	34(42%)		0	72(100%)		25(46.3%)	29(53.7%)
	>20	11(44%)	14(56%)		1(4.8%)	20(95.2%)		4(30.8%)	9(69.2%)

Table 3 KAP Regarding Diabetic Retinopathy

		Knowledge (n=177)		P-value	Attitude (n=277)		P-value	Practice (n=68)		P-value
		Good	Poor		Good	Poor		Good	Poor
Gender (n=175)	Male	36(48.6%)	38(51.4%)	0.711	51(47.2%)	57(52.8%)	<0.025	11(40.7%)	16(59.3%)	0.364
	Female	52(51.5%)	49(48.5%)		56(33.7%)	110(66.3%)		12(30%)	28(70%)
Marital status (n=)	Single	26(60.5%)	17(39.5%)	0.353	17(27.9%)	44(72.1%)	0.095	2(20%)	8(80%)	0.519
	Married	49(45.4%)	59(54.6%)		79(44.9%)	97(55.1%)		19(38%)	31(62%)
	Widow	8(50%)	8(50%)		8(32%)	17(68%)		1(16.7%)	5(83.3%)
	Divorced	3(37.5%)	5(62.5%)		4(33.3%)	8(66.7%)		1(50%)	1(50%)
Educational level (n=)	Illiterate	7(36.8%)	12(63.2%)	0.268	11(34.4%)	21(65.6%)	0.847	3(50%)	3(50%)	0.328
	Primary	5(35.7%)	9(64.3%)		8(32%)	17(68%)		1(16.7%)	5(83.3%)
	Secondary	7(53.8%)	6(46.2%)		12(42.9%)	16(57.1%)		4(57.1%)	3(42.9%)
	High school	14(41.2%)	20(58.8%)		24(42.1%)	33(57.9%)		2(15.4%)	11(84.6%)
	Collage	37(54.4%)	31(45.6%)		36(37.1%)	61(62.9%)		8(33.3%)	16(66.7%)
	Post graduate	18(64.3%)	10(35.7%)		16(45.7%)	19(54.3%)		5(45.5%)	6(54.5%)
Family monthly income (n=)	<5K	12(41.4%)	17(58.6%)	0.015	23(44.2%)	29(55.8%)	0.792	3(23.1%)	10(76.9%)	0.121
	5–10K	14(35.9%)	25(64.1%)		22(37.9%)	36(62.1%)		7(63.6%)	4(36.4%)
	10–15K	18(40%)	27(60%)		29(40.8%)	42(59.2%)		7(30.4%)	16(69.6%)
	15–20K	19(67.9%)	9(32.1%)		16(34.8%)	30(65.2%)		1(8.3%)	11(91.7%)
	>20K	17(68%)	8(32%)		16(47.1%)	18(52.9%)		5(55.6%)	4(44.4%)
Family member has DM (n)		74(52.1%)	68(47.9%)	0.252	80(36.5%)	139(63.5%)	0.135	15(28.8%)	37(71.2%)	0.78
Place of follow-up	University	28(50.9%)	27(49.1%)	0.831	56(61.5%)	35(38.5)	<0.0001	14(34.1%)	27(65.9%)	0.945
	Primary care	60(49.2%)	62(50.8%)		52(28%)	134(72%)		9(33.3%)	18(66.7%)
Age	<30	22(62.9%)	13(37.1%)	0.084	16(39%)	25(61%)	0.439	2(22.2%)	7(77.8%)	0.747
	30–60	57(50.9%)	55(49.1%)		74(42%)	102(58%)		17(36.2%)	30(63.8%)
	>60	8(33.3%)	16(66.67%)		17(40.5%)	25(59.5%)		3(30%)	7(70%)
Duration of DM	≤10	60(53.6%)	52(46.4%)	0.447	68(38.2%)	110(61.8%)	0.330	14(32.6%)	29(67.4%)	1
	≤20	20(42.6%)	27(57.4%)		32(44.4%)	40(55.6%)		7(36.8%)	12(63.2%)
	>20	7(50%)	7(50%)		6(27.3%)	16(72.7%)		1(25%)	3(75%)