Endothelin-1 Serum Concentration in Pediatric Chronic Idiopathic Uveitis

Figures & data

Table 1 Grading Schemes for Uveitis According to SUN and the National Eye Instiute Criteria

Grading Scheme for Anterior Chamber Cells
Grade	Cells in Field (1×1 mm slit beam)
0	< 1
0.5+	1–5
1+	6–15
2+	16–25
3+	26–50
4+	> 50
Grading Scheme for Anterior Chamber Flare
Grade	Description
0	None
1+	Faint
2+	Moderate (iris and lens details clear)
3+	Marked (iris and lens details hazy)
4+	Intense (fibrin or plastic aqueous)
Grading Scheme for Vitreous Haze
Grade	Description (clinical finding)
0	Nil (none)
1	Minimal (posterior pole clearly visible)
2	Mild (posterior pole details slightly hazy)
3	Moderate (posterior pole details very hazy)
4	Marked (posterior pole details barely visible)
5	Severe (fundal details not visible)

Notes: Data from Nussenblatt et al.²⁴,25 Reproduced from Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140(3):509–516. Copyright 2005, with permission from Elsevier.¹ Adapted with permission of Touch Medical Media, from Zierhut M, Deuter C, Murray FI. Classification of Uveitis – Current Guidelines. European Ophthalmic Review. Copyright 2007, permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.²⁵

Abbreviation: SUN, the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature.

Table 2 Basic Characteristics and Serum Endothelin-1 Concentration in Children and Adolescents with Idiopathic Uveitis and Control Group

Parameter	Chronic Idiopathic Uveitis	Control Group	p values
Number, n	17	22
Age, years	12.3 ± 4.30	11.6 ± 4.46	0.581
Gender (female/male), n (%)	7 (41)/10 (59)	11 (50)/11 (50)	0.201
Age group (≤13/>13 year), n (%)	9(53)/8(47)	13 (59)/9 (41)	0.393
Endothelin-1, pg/mL	1.33 (1.22; 1.48)	1.93 (1.1; 3.11)	0.008

Notes: The results are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) and medians and quartiles (Q1; Q3), or numbers (n) and percentages (%).

Figure 1 Box and whisker plots and scatter plots of serum endothelin-1 concentrations in control group and chronic idiopathic uveitis. Boxes represent the interquartile range (25th–75th percentiles), the point in the box represents the median, and the whiskers extend to the most extreme data points (range).

Table 3 Characteristics of Chronic Idiopathic Uveitis Patients and the Grades of Inflammation According to SUN Criteria

Age	Sex (F/M)	Visual Acuity (R/L)	Anatomical Location	Anterior Chamber Cells	Anterior Chamber Flare	Vitreous Haze	CRP, mg/L	ET-1, pg/mL
15	M	1.0/0.9	A	0.5+	1+		0.2	1.56
17	F	0.9/1.0	P			1	0.6	1.56
7	M	0.8/1.0	A	0.5+	1+		0.88	1.44
17	M	0.9/1.0	A	0.5+	1+		0.3	1.3
11	F	1.0/0.8	A+P	1+	1+	1	0.3	1.22
16	M	0.7/1.0	P			1	0.3	0.86
17	F	1.0/0.7	A+P	1+	2+	1	0.6	1.33
9	F	1.0/0.9	A	0.5+	1+		0.1	1.52
15	F	1.0/0.9	A	0.5+	1+		0.9	1.09
10	M	0.7/1.0	P			2	0.2	1.39
17	M	1.0/0.7	P			2	0.5	0.95
8	M	0.9/0.9	P			1	1.3	1.22
13	M	1.0/0.8	A	1+	2+		0.5	1.37
13	F	1.0/0.7	A	1+	2+		3.08	1.28
15	M	1.0/0.7	A+P	1+	1+	1	0.91	1.5
5	F	1.0/0.9	A	0.5+	1+		0.79	1.07
5	M	0.9/1.0	A	0.5+	1+		3.8	1.48

Abbreviations: A, anterior uveitis; A+P, panuveitis; CRP, C reactive protein; ET-1, endothelin-1; F, female; L, left; M, male; P, posterior uveitis; R, right; SUN, the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature.

Table 4 Concentrations of Endothelin-1 Depending on the Grade of Inflammation

Grade of Inflammation	ET-1, pg/mL		p values
Number	7	5
Anterior chamber cells (grade 0.5+ vs 1+)	1.44 (1.1; 1.52)	1.33 (1.28; 1.37)	0.745
Number	9	3
Anterior chamber flare (grade 1+ vs 2+)	1.44 (1.22; 1.50)	1.33 (1.28; 1.37)	0.711
Number	6	2
Vitreous haze (grade 1 vs 2)	1.27 (1.22; 1.50)	1.17 (0.95; 1.39)	0.868

Note: The results are presented as medians and quartiles (Q1; Q3).

Abbreviation: ET-1, endothelin-1.

Nussenblatt RB, Palestine AG, Chan CC, et al. Standardization of vitreal inflammatory activity in intermediate and posterior uveitis. Ophthalmology. 1985;92:467–471. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(85)34001-0

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Zierhut M, Deuter C, Murray FI. Classification of Uveitis – Current Guidelines. European Ophthalmic Review. 2007;77–78.doi:10.17925/EOR.2007.00.00.77

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Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140(3):509–516.

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