Early Visual Functional Outcomes and Morphological Responses to Anti-Vascular Growth Factor Therapy in Diabetic Macular Oedema Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Figures & data

Table 1 Visual Acuity, Central Macular Thickness and Different OCTA Parameters at Baseline and Follow-Ups

	Baseline	1 Month	2 Months	3 Months	p^a	p^b
LogMAR	0.27 ± 0.18	0.25 ± 0.12	0.25 ± 0.18	0.20 ± 0.17	0.017*	0.028*
Snellen^c	0.54 ± 0.22 (20/37)	0.56 ± 0.16 (20/36)	0.56 ± 0.23 (20/36)	0.63 ± 0.25 (20/32)
CMT	450 ± 94	409 ± 81	382 ± 81	331 ± 69	< 0.001*	< 0.001*
VD Central	7.0 ± 3.1	5.4 ± 2.4	5.2 ± 2.9	4.0 ± 2.3	< 0.001*	< 0.001*
VD Inner	13.2 ± 1.8	11.9 ± 2.1	10.8 ± 3.4	9.7 ± 2.4	< 0.001*	< 0.001*
VD Outer	13.5 ± 2.1	12.2 ± 1.8	11.1 ± 2.4	10.4 ± 2.2	< 0.001*	< 0.001*
VD Full	13.2 ± 1.9	11.9 ± 1.7	10.9 ± 2.6	10.1 ± 2.0	< 0.001*	< 0.001*
PD Central	14.8 ± 7.2	11.3 ± 6.4	11.2 ± 6.7	9.1 ± 5.7	< 0.001*	0.001*
PD Inner	31.0 ± 4.3	27.5 ± 5.5	25.6 ± 8.8	23.7 ± 6.5	< 0.001*	< 0.001*
PD Outer	32.2 ± 4.7	29.3 ± 5.0	26.9 ± 6.5	26.5 ± 5.4	< 0.001*	0.001*
PD Full	31.5 ± 4.3	28.4 ± 4.7	26.2 ± 6.9	25.4 ± 5.6	< 0.001*	< 0.001*
FAZ Area	0.21 ± 0.15	0.17 ± 0.12	0.17 ± 0.14	0.19 ± 0.14	0.002*	0.012*
FAZ Perimeter	2.13 ± 1.13	1.80 ± 0.78	1.82 ± 0.95	1.95 ± 0.95	0.004*	0.024*
FAZ Circularity	0.56 ± 0.14	0.61 ± 0.10	0.61 ± 0.15	0.57 ± 0.15	0.15	0.31

Notes: ^aGeneral linear model repeated model analysis. ^bLinear trend in a general linear model repeated model analysis. ^cDetermined from LogMAR values. *p value which is statistically significant.

Abbreviations: CMT, central macular thickness; VD, vascular density; PD, perfusion density; FAZ, foveal avascular zone.

Figure 1 Shows the SCP with the vessel density and perfusion density at baseline and 1 month after the 3rd injection of a study patient. It shows the superficial capillary plexus: (A) with vessel density calculated at baseline; (B) with vessel density calculated at the end of 3 months (after 3 consecutive injections of anti-VEGF); (C) with perfusion density calculated at baseline; (D) with perfusion density calculated at the end of 3 months (after 3 consecutive injections of anti-VEGF).

Table 2 Pearson Correlation Between LogMAR, CMT, Area and Perimeter of the FAZ on One Hand and VD and PD on the Other Hand

	LogMAR		CMT		FAZ Area		FAZ Perimeter
	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p
LogMAR			0.57	< 0.001*	0.089	0.42	0.090	0.42
CMT	0.57	< 0.001*			0.13	0.22	0.14	0.22
VD Central	0.42	< 0.001*	0.60	< 0.001*	0.33	0.003*	0.30	0.005*
VD Inner	0.22	0.030*	0.30	0.003*	0.45	< 0.001*	0.44	< 0.001*
VD Outer	0.075	0.47	0.27	0.008*	0.57	< 0.001*	0.55	< 0.001*
VD Full	0.15	0.15	0.31	0.002*	0.56	< 0.001*	0.54	< 0.001*
PD Central	0.49	< 0.001*	0.57	< 0.001*	0.31	0.005*	0.28	0.009*
PD Inner	0.19	0.060	0.29	0.004*	0.48	< 0.001*	0.47	< 0.001*
PD Outer	0.029	0.78	0.21	0.042*	0.58	< 0.001*	0.57	< 0.001*
PD Full	0.095	0.36	0.25	0.013*	0.59	< 0.001*	0.57	< 0.001*
FAZ Area	0.089	0.42	0.13	0.22			0.97	< 0.001*
FAZ Perimeter	0.090	0.42	0.14	0.22	0.97	< 0.001*
FAZ Circularity	−0.11	0.32	−0.10	0.36	−0.62	< 0.001*	−0.74	< 0.001*

Note: *p value which is statistically significant.

Abbreviations: CMT, central macular thickness; VD, vascular density; PD, perfusion density; FAZ, foveal avascular zone.

Table 3 β-Coefficients from a Linear Mixed Model Analysis

	Intercept	CMT		FAZ Area
		β	p	β	p
LogMAR	0.073	0.00037	0.011*	0.12	0.22
VD Central	−3.13	0.019	< 0.001*	5.09	0.003*
VD Inner	6.14	0.0092	0.005*	9.33	< 0.001*
VD Outer	8.44	0.0046	0.041*	8.69	< 0.001*
VD Full	7.62	0.0062	0.005*	8.25	< 0.001*
PD Central	−6.58	0.041	< 0.001*	11.96	0.004*
PD Inner	14.41	0.021	0.009*	25.31	< 0.001*
PD Outer	21.07	0.0091	0.123	23.15	< 0.001*
PD Full	18.81	0.012	0.033*	23.45	< 0.001*

Note: *p value which is statistically significant.

Abbreviations: CMT, central macular thickness; VD, vascular density; PD, perfusion density; FAZ, foveal avascular zone.