Serum Malondialdehyde as a Biomarker of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Primary Ocular Carcinoma: Impact on Response to Chemotherapy

Figures & data

Figure 1 (A) Pre chemotherapy photograph of a 70 years old male patient having left lower eyelid ulceronodular type sebaceous gland carcinoma. (B) After 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (cis-platinum and 5 FU), showing partial response of chemotherapy.

Figure 2 (A) Clinical photograph of a 48 years old male patient having right lower eyelid squamous cell carcinoma with orbital invasion before chemotherapy. (B) After 5 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 3 cycles of external beam radiation.

Figure 3 Microphotograph of a different histological section stained (Hematoxylin and Eosin x 100 (X) showing (A). Rhabdomyosarcoma round cells (primitive rhabdomyoblast). (B). Sebaceous gland carcinoma moderately differentiated showing lobules of malignant cells with sebaceous differentiation. (C). Basal cell carcinoma showing nests of pigment laden atypical basal cells with peripheral palisading and mitotic figures. (D). Squamous cell carcinoma showing keratin pearls, numerous malignant cells, and mitotic figure. (E). OSSN showing keratin pearls and proliferation of irregular dysplastic epithelium with infiltration of sub epithelial tissue (F). Retinoblastoma well differentiated with Flexner-Wintersteiner rosette arrangement.

Table 1 Analysis for Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels in Controls (N=16) and Cancer Patients (N=32, Before and After Chemotherapy)

Oxidative Stress Biomarker	Cases		Control	p-value
	Before Chemotherapy	After Chemotherapy
MDA (mean ± SD)	5.5712±0.32779	4.5146±0.23209	2.5531±0.08056	<0.001

Table 2 Analysis for Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels According to Age of Patient and Tumor Advancement (Before and After Chemotherapy)

Characteristics		Level of Serum MDA (Mean ± SD)		p-value
		Before Chemotherapy	After Chemotherapy
Age group	< 20 Years	5.7937 ± 0.17655	4.3488 ± 0.08459	< 0.001
	40–60 Years	5.6020 ± 0.37797	4.5840 ± 0.26252	< 0.001
	60 Years	5.4663 ± 0.24727	4.5938 ± 0.22614	0.969
Tumor size	< 20 mm	±12,662	4.5233 ± 0.33858	0.045
	>20 mm	5.6617 ± 0.29951	4.5135±0.22534	< 0.001
Lymph node metastasis	Present	5.8350 ± 0.17113	4.3938±16,928	< 0.006
	Absent	5.4833± 0.32193	4.5683 ± 0.23976	0.007
Stage of tumor	Early stage	5.3600±0.1770	4.5233 ± 0.2471	0.007
	Advanced stage	5.840± 0.2021	4.5135±0.1667	< 0.001

Table 3 Analysis for Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels According to Histopathological Type and Differentiation. (Before and After Chemotherapy)

Histopathological Characteristics		Level of Serum MDA (Mean ± SD)			p-value
		Before Chemotherapy	After Chemotherapy
Histopathological Type	Sebaceous gland carcinoma	5.7088±0.26008		4.6225±0.28101	<0.001
	Basal cell carcinoma	5.3775±0.17746		4.6200±0.09345	<0.001
	OSSN	5.4283±0.40484		4.5217±0.26821	0.003
	Rhabdomyosarcoma	5.9450±0.23335		4.3400±0.05657	0.049
	Retinoblastoma	5.7433±0.14334		4.3517±0.09663	<0.001
Histopathological Differentiation	Well differentiation	5.6150±0.30960		5.4750±0.36256	0.270
	Poorly differentiation	4.4745±0.23681		4.6483±0.16833	0.109