Utility of Ocular Motility Tests in Orbital Floor Fractures with Muscle Entrapment That is Not Detected on Computed Tomography

Figures & data

Figure 1 Frequency distribution of participants grouped by age and gender.

Table 1 Characteristics of Participants

Variables	N. (%) or Mean (SD)
Gender
Females	8 (17.4%)
Males	38 (82.6%)
Age	27 years (3.3)
Diplopia	46 (100%)
Worse on elevation	33 (72%)
Worse on depression	13 (28%)
Abnormal Head Posture	42 (91%)
Mild	16 (35%)
Moderate	12 (26%)
Moderate/Severe	10 (22%)
Severe	4 (9%)
Exophthalmometry
Within normal limits	5 (11%)
Outside of normal limits	41 (89%)
Near point of convergence
Normal	5 (11%)
Insufficient	41 (89%)
Kestembaum limbus test
Normal	14 (30%)
Elevation deficit	18 (40%)
Depression deficit	14 (30%)

Table 2 Correlation Between the Results of the Hess Screen Test (Grouped as Severe or Non-Severe Abnormalities) and the Other Variables

Variables	Hess Screen Test Result		P value
	Non-Severe Abnormality	Severe Abnormality
Kestenbaum test
Depression deficit	11 (28.1%)	3 (42.9%)	0.164
Elevation deficit	14 (35.9%)	4 (57.1%)
Normal	14 (35.9%)	0 (0%)
Abnormal Head Position
Absent	4	0
Mild	16	0
Moderate	11	1	< 0.001
Moderate/Severe	8	2
Severe	0	4
Exophthalmometry
Abnormal	34 (87.2%)	7 (100%)	0.420
Normal	5 (12, 8%)	0 (0%)
Near point of convergence
Insufficient	34 (87.2%)	7 (100%)	0.420
Normal	5 (12, 8%)	0 (0%)

Figure 2 Results of the sum test.