Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation Combined with Phacoemulsification Increases Risk of Persistent Anterior Uveitis Compared to Phacoemulsification Surgery Alone

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Eyes in the Phaco Alone and Phaco/ECP Groups

	Phaco Alone	Phaco/ECP	p-value
Number of eyes	4242	181	-
Gender
Male	1790 (42.2%)	79 (43.6%)
Female	2452 (57.8%)	102 (56.4%)	0.759
Race/ethnicity
White	3140 (74.0%)	120 (66.3%)	Reference
Non-white	1102 (26.0%)	61 (33.7%)	0.065
African-American	349 (8.2%)	25 (13.8%)	0.021
Hispanic	340 (8.0%)	20 (11.0%)	0.158
Other	413 (9.7%)	16 (8.8%)	0.970
Age
Mean (SD)	69.9 (9.9)	71.1 (10.9)
Median	70.7	72.4	0.236
CDE	3917	91
Mean (SD)	8.2 (7.5)	5.0 (3.0)	<0.0001
Median	6.1	4.6
Surgery length (mins.)	3856	178
Mean (SD)	19.2 (10.3)	26.2 (8.4)	<0.0001
Median	16	25

Note: Bolding represent major study groups.

Abbreviations: CDE, cumulative dissipated energy; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Pre-Operative and Post-Operative Best-Corrected VA and IOP by Type of Surgery

	PAU	No PAU	p-value
Phaco Alone
Pre-operative Logmar, n	72	4164
Mean (SD)	0.543 (0.60)	0.466 (0.51)	0.211
Median	0.301	0.301
Post-op Logmar at mo 3, n	70	3839
Mean (SD)	0.234 (0.28)	0.205 (0.33)	0.332
Median	0.176	0.097
Pre-operative IOP, n	72	4100
Mean (SD)	15.0 (3.1)	14.6 (3.0)	0.327
Median	15.0	14.0
Post-op IOP at mo 3, n	63	3458
Mean (SD)	14.2 (3.2)	13.3 (2.7)	0.012
Median	14.0	13.0
Phaco/ECP
Pre-operative Logmar, n	27	154
Mean (SD)	0.390 (0.58)	0.332 (0.47)	0.571
Median	0.301	0.176
Post-op Logmar at mo 3, n	27	148
Mean (SD)	0.276 (0.61)	0.217 (0.42)	0.568
Median	0.097	0.097
Pre-operative IOP, n	27	153
Mean (SD)	15.7 (3.6)	15.5 (5.1)	0.866
Median	16.0	14.0
Post-op IOP at mo 3, n	27	137
Mean (SD)	16.0 (5.8)	13.3 (3.7)	0.011
Median	14.0	13.0

Note: Bolding represents major study groups.

Abbreviations: VA, visual acuity; IOP, intraocular pressure; SD, standard deviation; n, number of eyes.

Table 3 PAU by Surgery Type and Race/Ethnicity for Study Eyes

	Total Eyes	PAU (n)	Incidence PAU (%)	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p-value
All race/ethnicities
Phaco alone	4242	72	1.7%	Reference	<0.0001
Phaco/ECP	181	27	14.9%	10.2 (5.8–17.7)
White
Phaco alone	3140	23	0.7%	Reference	<0.0001
Phaco/ ECP	120	14	11.7%	17.9 (7.8–41.1)
Non-white
Phaco alone	1102	49	4.4%	Reference	<0.0001
Phaco/ECP	61	13	21.3%	5.8 (2.8–12.1)
African-American
Phaco alone	349	43	12.3%	Reference	0.025
Phaco/ECP	25	7	28.0%	2.8 (1.1–6.7)
Hispanic
Phaco alone	340	2	0.6%	Reference	0.005
Phaco/ECP	20	2	10.0%	18.8 (2.4–146)
Other race/ethnicity
Phaco alone	413	4	1.0%	Reference	<0.0001
Phaco/ECP	16	4	25.0%	34.1 (6.4–181)

Note: Bolding represents major study groups.

Abbreviation: PAU, persistent anterior uveitis.

Figure 1 Product-limit survival estimates curve comparing time to resolution of anterior chamber (AC) cell between phaco only and phaco/ECP groups with PAU.

Figure 2 Product-limit survival estimates curve comparing time until patients discontinued the topical steroid drops between phacoemulsification only and phaco/ECP groups with PAU.