Visual Acuity, Quality of Vision, and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Bilateral Implantation with a Trifocal or Extended Depth of Focus Intraocular Lens

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographics and Monocular Diagnostic (Postoperative) Refractive and VA Data

	Trifocal	EDOF	p*
Subjects/eyes	25/50	23/46
Male/female	13/12	6/17	0.07
Age (years)	67 ± 8 (49 to 80)	71 ± 9 (51 to 83)	0.11
IOL Power implanted (D)	18.5 ± 3.3 (12 to 24)	20.0 ± 4.5 (9.5 to 25.5)	0.06
Follow-up (days)	124 ± 43 (79 to 245)	430 ± 252 (97 to 786)	< 0.01*
MRSE (D)	−0.00 ± 0.34 (−0.75 to 0.625)	−0.25 ± 0.37 (−1.25 to 0.375)	< 0.01*
Refractive Cylinder (D)	0.38 ± 0.29 (0.00 to 1.00)	0.49 ± 36 (0.00 to 1.50)	0.12
Monocular CDVA (logMAR)	0.02 ± 0.07 (−0.10 to +0.20)	−0.03 ± 0.08 (−0.16 to 0.24)	< 0.01*

Note: *p value is statistically significant (< 0.05).

Abbreviations: VA, visual acuity; EDOF, extended depth of focus; MRSE, mean refraction spherical equivalent; D, diopters; CDVA, corrected distance visual acuity; logMAR, log of the minimum angle of resolution.

Figure 1 Binocular uncorrected visual acuity by distance and IOL type.

Abbreviations: logMAR, log of the minimum angle of resolution; EDOF, extended depth of focus.

Figure 2 Binocular distance-corrected visual acuity by distance and IOL type.

Abbreviations: logMAR, log of the minimum angle of resolution; EDOF, extended depth of focus.

Figure 3 Photopic contrast sensitivity by IOL type.

Figure 4 Mesopic contrast sensitivity by IOL type.

Table 2 Reported Need for Spectacles by Distance and IOL Group

Distance	Group	n	No	Yes	p
Distance	EDOF	23	22	1	0.95
	Trifocal	25	24	1
Intermediate	EDOF	23	22	1	0.95
	Trifocal	25	24	1
Near	EDOF	23	12	11	0.006
	Trifocal	25	22	3

Abbreviation: EDOF, extended depth of focus.

Table 3 Satisfaction with Vision by Distance and IOL Group

Distance	Group		Reported Satisfaction
			Completely	Mostly	Moderately	A Little	Not at All
Distance	EDOF	23	19	2	1		1
	Trifocal	25	17	7	1
Intermediate	EDOF	23	18	4	1
	Trifocal	25	18	7
Near	EDOF	23	10	11	1		1
	Trifocal	25	15	7	1	1	1
Overall	EDOF	23	14	7	1	1
	Trifocal	25	17	8

Abbreviation: EDOF, extended depth of focus.

Table 4 Reported Frequency of Spectacle Wear by Distance and IOL Group

	Group	n	Reported Frequency of Wear (Time)
			All	Most	Some	A Little	None
Distance	EDOF	23			3	1	19
	Trifocal	25					25
Intermediate	EDOF	23				3	20
	Trifocal	25			1		24
Near	EDOF	23	1	3	1	6	12
	Trifocal	25	1	1		2	21
Overall	EDOF	23	1	1	3	5	13
	Trifocal	25			1		24

Abbreviation: EDOF, extended depth of focus.

Table 5 Reported Ability to Function without Spectacles by Distance and IOL Group

	Group	n	Reported Ability to Function (Time)
			All	Most	Some	A Little	None
Distance	EDOF	23	19	2			2
	Trifocal	25	24	1
Intermediate	EDOF	23	19	2			2
	Trifocal	25	24	1
Near	EDOF	23	12	5	3	1	2
	Trifocal	25	19	5			1
Overall	EDOF	23	13	7	1	1	1
	Trifocal	25	22	3

Abbreviation: EDOF, extended depth of focus.

Figure 5 Summary scores for the Quality of Vision questionnaire.

Table 6 Frequency, Severity and Degree of Bother for Select Visual Disturbances by IOL Group

	Disturbance	IOL	Never	Occasionally	Quite Often	Very Often	p*
Frequency	Glare	EDOF	12	7	2	2	0.43
		Trifocal	16	6	3
	Haloes	EDOF	9	8	3	3	0.19
		Trifocal	7	4	11	3
	Starbursts	EDOF	8	10	3	2	0.03*
		Trifocal	18	5	1	1
	Disturbance	IOL	Not at All	Mild	Moderate	Severe	p
Severity	Glare	EDOF	12	5	5	1	0.3
		Trifocal	16	7	2
	Haloes	EDOF	9	6	6	2	0.69
		Trifocal	7	10	5	3
	Starbursts	EDOF	9	6	7	1	0.03*
		Trifocal	19	3	2	1
	Disturbance	IOL	Not at All	A Little	Quite	Very	p
Degree of Bother	Glare	EDOF	12	6	3	2	0.25
		Trifocal	17	6	2
	Haloes	EDOF	12	7	2	2	0.91
		Trifocal	12	9	3	1
	Starbursts	EDOF	13	7	2	1	0.13
		Trifocal	21	2	1	1

Notes: *Statistically significantly different, Mann–Whitney U-test, p < 0.05.

Abbreviation: EDOF, extended depth of focus.