Outcome of Single Dexamethasone Implant Injection in the Treatment of Persistent Diabetic Macular Edema After Anti-VEGF Treatment: Real-Life Data from a Tertiary Hospital in Jordan

Figures & data

Figure 1 Different variants of DME before (A) and after treatment (B): 1. CME, 2. Diffuse DME, 3. DME with ERM.

Table 1 Demographic Data

Number of patients		72
Age Mean (range)		66 years (27–84)
Sex N (%)
	Male	43 (60)
	Female	29 (40)
HbA1C Mean (range)		8.1% (5.3–12.2%)
No. of previous injections Mean (range)		8.7 (6–16)
Hypertension N (%)
	Yes	55 (76.4)
	No	17 (23.6)
State of the lens N (%)
	Phakic clear	16 (22.2)
	Phakic cataract	15 (20.8)
	Pseudophakic	41 (57.0)
Type of DME N (%)
	Cystoid (CME)	23 (31.9)
	Diffuse thickening	21 (29.2)
	ERM	5 (6.9)
	VMT	27 (37.5) 1 (1.3)

Abbreviations: DME, diabetic macular edema; CME, cystoid macular edema; ERM, epiretinal membrane; VMT, vitreomacular traction.

Table 2 Average Results Obtained Pre- and Post-DEX Injection

Parameters	Pre-DEX	Post-DEX	p-value
BCVA	0.205±0.1 (0.68 logMAR)	0.358±0.1 (0.44 logMAR)	<0.0001
IOP	14.847±1.0	17.805±1.0	<0.0001
CMT	539.347±132.402	379.041±99.430	<0.0001
HRD	23.67±16	14.83±13	<0.0001

Abbreviations: BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; IOP, intraocular pressure; CMT, central mean subfield thickness; HRD, hyper-reflective dots.

Table 3 Average Results Obtained Pre- and Post-DEX Injection According to the Type of Macular Edema

	Diffuse DME (21)			CME (23)			ERM (27)
Variable	Pre-DEX	Post-DEX	p-value	Pre-DEX	Post-DEX	p-value	Pre-DEX	Post-DEX	p-value
BCVA	0.19	0.37	<0.0001	0.24	0.42	0.002	0.16	0.28	0.001
IOP	15	18	<0.0001	15.1	17.1	0.009	14.56	17.56	<0.0001
CMT	585	369	<0.0001	514	351	<0.0001	538	410	<0.0001
HRD	23.43±19	13.14±10	0.002	25.67±14	13.67±10	<0.0001	21.11±13	15.33±13	0.005

Abbreviations: BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; IOP, intraocular pressure; CMT, central mean subfield thickness; HRD, hyper-reflective dots; DME, diabetic macular edema; CME, cystoid macular edema; ERM, epiretinal membrane; DEX, intravitreal dexamethasone implant.

Table 4 Average Results Obtained Pre- and Post-DEX Injection According to the State of the Lens

	Cataract (15)			Pseudophakic (41)			Clear (16)
Variable	Pre-DEX	Post-DEX	p-value	Pre-DEX	Post-DEX	p-value	Pre-DEX	Post-DEX	p-value
BCVA	0.25	0.33	0.123	0.19	0.35	<0.0001	0.20	0.37	0.002
IOP	15	16.87	0.045	15.0	18.0	<0.0001	14.5	18.3	<0.0001
CMT	534	363	0.001	527	328	<0.0001	574	387	<0.0001
HRD	32.00±15	17.2±15	<0.0001	22.54±17	15.07±13	<0.0001	18.75±14	12.00±9	0.009

Abbreviations: BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; IOP, intraocular pressure; CMT, central mean subfield thickness; HRD, hyper-reflective dots; DEX, intravitreal dexamethasone implant.