Retropupillary Iris-Claw Intraocular Lenses: A Literature Review

Figures & data

Table 1 Different ICIOLs Whose Outcomes Have Been Studied in the Literature

ICIOL	Material	Optic Design	IOL Diameter (mm)	A Constant (Retropupillary)
Verisyse (VRSA54, Abbott Laboratories, Inc., Abbott Park, IL, USA)	PMMA	Biconvex/convex–concave/plano-convex	8.50	116.9 (SRK/T)
Artisan Aphakia (Ophtec, Groningen, The Netherlands)	PMMA	Biconvex/convex–concave/plano-convex	8.50	116.9 (SRK/T)
Excelens (Excel Optics Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India)	PMMA	Biconvex/plano-convex	7.25/8.00/9.00	117.2 (SRK/T)
Freedom (Freedom Ophthalmic Pvt. Ltd., Hosur, India)	PMMA	Biconvex/convex–concave	7.20/8.50	117.4 (SRK/T)
Optima (Rainbow Meditech LLC, Chennai, India)	PMMA	Convex–concave	7.25/8.00/9.00	117.2 (SRK/T)
OV lens (Care Group, India)	PMMA	Biconvex	8.50	117.2 (SRK/T)

Abbreviations: ICIOL, Iris-claw intraocular lens; PMMA, polymethyl methacrylate; SRK/T, Sanders–Retzlaff–Kraff/Theoretical.

Table 2 Overview of Visual Outcomes Reported in the Literature After Retropupillary ICIOL Implantation

ICIOL	Authors	Study Design	Sample Size	Mean or Median Follow-Up (Months)	CDVA
					Mean/ Median (logMAR/ Decimal)	≥20/40 (%)
Verisyse (VRSA54, Abbott Laboratories, Inc., Abbott Park, IL, USA)	Dalby et al^Citation14	Prospective randomized comparative	33	24	0.22 ± 0.30^a	76
	Shuaib et al^Citation15	Prospective randomized comparative	15	6	0.40 ± 0.23^b	-
	Kristianslund et al^Citation16	Prospective randomized comparative	42	6	0.35 ± 0.54^a	62
	Fouda et al^Citation17	Prospective	17	6	0.9 ± 0.07^b	-
	Woo et al^Citation18	Retrospective comparative	25	46.8	-	21 (36 months)
	Vounotrypidis et al^Citation19	Retrospective comparative	39	17	0.42 ± 0.48^a	-
	Schmidt et al^Citation20	Retrospective case series	19	52 days	0.36 ± 0.39^a	-
	Faria et al^Citation21	Retrospective case series	66	23	0.35 ± 0.40^a	-
	Saleh et al^Citation22	Retrospective case series	18	14	0.32 ± 0.47^a	67
Artisan Aphakia (Ophtec, Groningen, The Netherlands)	Rastogi et al.^Citation23	Prospective	14	6	0.35 ± 0.15^a	71
	Helvaci et al^Citation24	Prospective randomized comparative	20	6	0.50 ± 0.23^a	-
	Anbari et al^Citation25	Prospective	16	24	0.13 ± 0.21^a	-
	Baykara et al^Citation26	Prospective	32	9	-	88
	Choi et al^Citation27	Retrospective case series	103	24	0.22 ± 0.46^a	-
	Toro et al^Citation28	Retrospective comparative	93	60	0.13 ± 0.15^a	-
	Randon et al^Citation29	Retrospective case series	31	29	0.17 ± 0.50^a	-
	Touriño Peralba et al^Citation30	Retrospective comparative	38	12 (median)	65 ETDRS letters (0.4^a) (median)	-
	Mora et al^Citation31	Retrospective comparative	32	12	0.37 ± 0.50^a	-
	Hernández Martínez et al^Citation32	Retrospective comparative	44	33	0.09 ± 0.32^a	73
	Peng et al^Citation33	Retrospective	29	6	-	66
	Çevik et al^Citation34	Retrospective	30	38	0.39 ± 0.46/ 0.64 ± 0.77^a (1 month)	60
	Brandner et al^Citation35	Retrospective case series	15	14.9	0.25 ± 0.21^a (median)	-
	Forlini et al^Citation36	Retrospective	320	63.6	0.6/ 0.3/ 0.6^a	-
	Schallenberg et al^Citation37	Retrospective	31	25.2	0.64 ± 0.62^a	-
	Hsing et al^Citation38	Retrospective	34	21.4	-	58
	Wolter-Roessler et al^Citation39	Retrospective	48	14	0.2^a (median)	-
Artisan/ Verisyse	Choragiewicz et al^Citation40	Retrospective case series	47	15.9	0.46 ± 0.27^b	-
	Gonnermann et al^Citation41	Retrospective case series	137	5	0.38 ± 0.31^a	-
	Gonnermann et al^Citation42	Retrospective	62	34	0.24 ± 0.45^a	77
	Gonnermann et al^Citation43	Retrospective	13	37	0.24 ± 0.36^a	85
	Gonnermann et al^Citation44	Retrospective	23	18	1.0 ± 0.46^a	-
	Rüfer et al^Citation45	Retrospective comparative	22	17	0.53 ± 0.43^a (10 months)/ 1.01 ± 0.38^a (23 months)	-
Excelens (Excel Optics Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India)	Jare et al^Citation46	Prospective	108	6	0.25^a	97
	Rao et al^Citation47	Prospective	30	6	-	80
	Mansoori et al^Citation48	Retrospective	122	7.48	0.5 ± 0.42^a	-
	Kelkar et al^Citation49	Retrospective comparative	90	12	0.36 ± 0.32^a (UDVA)	-
	Kelkar et al^Citation50	Retrospective	104	12	0.36 ± 0.32^a	71
	Jayamadhury et al^Citation51	Retrospective	61	12	0.27 ± 0.46^a	-
	Kavitha et al^Citation52	Retrospective comparative	25	16	-	64
	Patil et al^Citation53	Retrospective case series	15	12	-	40
Freedom (Freedom Ophthalmic Pvt. Ltd., Hosur, India)	Sumitha et al^Citation54	Prospective	36	3	-	81 (≥ 20/60)
Optima (Rainbow Meditech LLC, Chennai, India)	Madhivanan et al^Citation55	Retrospective comparative	48	12	0.40 ± 0.40^a	71
OV lens (Care Group, India)	Ganesh et al^Citation56	Retrospective	100	13	0.38^a	-

Notes: ^alogMAR, ^bDecimal notation.

Abbreviations: ICIOL, iris-claw intraocular lens; CDVA, corrected distance visual acuity; logMAR, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; ETDRS, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study; UDVA, uncorrected distance visual acuity.

Table 3 Overview of Major Complications Reported in the Literature After Retropupillary ICIOL Implantation

ICIOL	Authors	Sample Size	Mean or Median Follow-Up (Months)	Pupil Ovalization (%)	Raised IOP (%)	ECL (%)	CME (%)	IOL Disenclavation/Dislocation (%)	RD (%)
Verisyse (VRSA54, Abbott Laboratories, Inc., Abbott Park, IL, USA)	Dalby et al^Citation14	33	24	-	0	18 (n = 44)^Citation64	15	3	0
	Shuaib et al^Citation15	15	6	13	7	11	0	20	7
	Kristianslund et al^Citation16	42	6	-	21	10	10	2	0
	Fouda et al^Citation17	17	6	12	12	-	0	6	0
	Woo et al^Citation18	25	46.8	-	28	-	4	12	0
	Vounotrypidis et al^Citation19	39	17	-	-	-	-	5	-
	Schmidt et al^Citation20	19	52 days	32	0	-	11	-	0
	Faria et al^Citation21	66	23	24	18	-	5	2	2
	Saleh et al^Citation22	18	14	-	-	-	17	6	0
Artisan Aphakia (Ophtec, Groningen, The Netherlands)	Rastogi et al^Citation23	14	6	21	7	1	0	7	0
	Helvaci et al^Citation24	20	6	10	25	-	0	0	0
	Anbari et al^Citation25	16	24	0	13	12	0	0	0
	Baykara et al^Citation26	32	9	13	19	-	0	0	0
	Choi et al^Citation27	103	24	-	8	24	4	10	0
	Toro et al^Citation28	93	60	2	23	10	2	2	1
	Randon et al^Citation29	31	29	-	-	-	6	10	0
	Touriño Peralba et al^Citation30	38	12 (median)	8	11	9	8	3	3
	Mora et al^Citation31	32	12	-	22	32	25	0	3
	Hernández Martínez et al^Citation32	44	33	12^a	3^a	4	9^a	-	1^a
	Peng et al^Citation33	29	6	-	31	35	-	7	0
	Çevik et al^Citation34	30	38	0	0	-	0	37	10
	Brandner et al^Citation35	15	14.9	-	13	-	0	7	0
	Forlini et al^Citation36	320	63.6	5	2	3	1	1	0.3
	Schallenberg et al^Citation37	31	25.2	32	3	-	0	0	3
	Hsing et al^Citation38	34	21.4	18	0	-	0	0	0
	Wolter-Roessler et al^Citation39	48	14	-	2	-	4	4	2
Artisan/Verisyse	Choragiewicz et al^Citation40	47	15.9	17	0	-	-	-	2
	Gonnermann et al^Citation41	137	5	25	4	-	9	9	0
	Gonnermann et al^Citation42	62	34	3	0	6	6	5	0
	Gonnermann et al^Citation43	13	37	8	0	6	0	0	8
	Gonnermann et al^Citation44	23	18	13	0	43	4	13	0
	Rüfer et al^Citation45	22	17	-	5	-	-	9	0
Excelens (Excel Optics Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India)	Jare et al^Citation46	108	6	-	3	5	0	0	0
	Rao et al^Citation47	30	6	-	0	9	0	-	0
	Mansoori et al^Citation48	122	7.48	16	21	-	5	7	2
	Kelkar et al^Citation49	90	12	20	8	8	2	0	1
	Kelkar et al^Citation50	104	12	19	7	11 (n = 90)	2	0	1
	Jayamadhury et al^Citation51	61	12	10	0	12	11	0	0
	Kavitha et al^Citation52	25	16	4	4	-	4	4	0
	Patil et al^Citation53	15	12	-	-	-	13	-	-
Freedom (Freedom Ophthalmic Pvt. Ltd., Hosur, India)	Sumitha et al^Citation54	36	3	44	3	-	3	0	0
Optima (Rainbow Meditech LLC, Chennai, India)	Madhivanan et al^Citation55	48	12	16	10	-	4	0	4
OV lens (Care Group, India)	Ganesh et al^Citation56	100	13	34	8	11	8	5	1

Notes: ^aReported together for both the prepupillary and retropupillary iris-claw lens groups.

Abbreviations: ICIOL, iris-claw intraocular lens; IOP, intraocular pressure; ECL, endothelial cell loss; CME, cystoid macular edema; RD, retinal detachment.

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