The Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disease Among Pediatric Ophthalmologists

Figures & data

Box 1 Questionnaire

1. How many years have you been practicing? (Numeric Entry) 2. How many days a week do you perform surgeries? (Numeric Entry) 3. How many surgeries do you perform a week? (Numeric Entry) 4. Do you use magnifications while performing strabismus surgery?   a. No   b. Yes, loupes with 2–3x magnification without a light source attachment   c. Yes, loupes with 2–3x magnification with light source attachment   d. Yes, loupes with 3–4x magnification without a light source attachment   e. Yes, loupes with 3–4x magnification with light source attachment   f. Other (please specific) 5. Please provide the average number of hours per week spent using a slit lamp (Numeric Entry) 6. Please provide the average number of hours per week spent using an operating microscope (Numeric Entry) 7. Please provide the average number of hours per week spent using an indirect ophthalmoscope (Numeric Entry) 8. Please provide the average number of hours per week spent using surgical loupes (Numeric Entry) 9. Please provide the average number of hours per week spent using a computer/laptop (Numeric Entry) 10. Please provide the average number of hours per week spent using cellular/tablet device (Numeric Entry) 11. Do you suffer from any of the following (Mark all that apply) a. Chronic Neck Pain   b. Chronic Shoulder Pain   c. Chronic Upper Back Pain   d. Chronic Lower Back Pain   e. Chronic Elbow Pain   f. Chronic Forearm Pain   g. Chronic Wrist Pain   h. Chronic Hip Pain   i. Chronic Thigh Pain   j. Chronic Knee Pain   k. Chronic Lower Leg Pain   l. Chronic Foot/Ankle Pain   m. Chronic Headaches   n. I do not suffer from chronic pain   o. Other (please specify) 12. If you have pain related to work, have you had to (pick the most significant change) a. Modify your work environment   b. Alter your work schedule or type of work you do   c. Cut back on the number of hours and patients you see   d. Stop working   e. Made no changes 13. Have you had, or are you considering having your posture evaluated by a professional?   a. Yes, I have done it   b. Yes, but I have not done it   c. Yes, I would like to but do not know how to go about doing it   d. No 14. With regard to preventing or treating a musculoskeletal disease that you may have, have you (Check all that apply)   a. Met with a professional to learn techniques to prevent/treat symptoms   b. Actively participate in an exercise program specifically for these issues   c. Want to learn techniques but have not met with anyone to do them   d. Corrective surgery   e. Do not have any plans to address the issue currently 15. Are there any other daily activities you perform that may affect your posture? If so how many average hours a week do you spend performing this activity? (Free Text)

Table 1 Types of Reported Pain from n=101 Participants

Type of Pain	Number of Respondents Reporting Pain	Percent of Respondents
No Chronic Pain	34	34%
Chronic Neck Pain	41	41%
Chronic Shoulder Pain	30	30%
Chronic Lower Back Pain	31	31%
Chronic Upper Back Pain	15	15%
Chronic Hip Pain	8	8.0%
Chronic Knee Pain	3	3.0%
Chronic Lower Leg Pain	1	1.0%
Chronic Foot/Ankle Pain	6	6.0%
Chronic Headaches	8	8.0%
Chronic Elbow Pain	7	7.0%
Chronic Forearm Pain	2	2.0%
Chronic Wrist Pain	13	13%

Table 2 Odds Ratios as for Pain More Likely to Occur as the Number of Hours Increases with the Use of Each Instrument

Odds Ratios of Pain with Increasing Use of Device (Number of Hours) and Increasing Activity
Activity	Type of Pain	Odds Ratio	Lower CI 95%	Upper CI 95%	P-value
Hours per Week Spent Using Surgical Loupes	Chronic Shoulder Pain	1.44	0.94	2.33	0.094
	Chronic Upper Back Pain	1.53	0.96	2.589	0.078
Hours per Week Spent Using a Slit Lamp	Chronic Elbow Pain	1.31	0.99	1.732	0.057
	Chronic Upper Back Pain	1.23	0.99	1.525	0.06
How Many Surgeries Performed a Week	Chronic Wrist Pain	1.38	1.09	1.76	0.008**
How Many Years of Practice	Chronic Neck Pain	1.22	1.02	1.48	0.03*
	Chronic Lower Back apin	1.34	1.1	1.67	0.003**

Notes: *p<0.05. **p<0.01.

Table 3 Chronic Pain Associated with Those Actively Participating in and Exercise Program to Address with Chronic Pain

Chronic Pain Associated with Those Actively Participating in an Exercise Program
Type of Pain	Odds Ratio	Lower CI 95%	Upper CI 95%	P value
Chronic Neck Pain	3.43	1.37	8.859	0.006	**
Chronic Shoulder Pain	4.04	1.52	11.16	0.004	**
Chronic Lower Back Pain	3.66	1.4	9.928	0.006	**

Note: **p<0.01.

Table 4 Altered Work Activity with Shoulder Pain

	Altered Work Activity	Did Not Alter Work Activity	Total (n)
Have Shoulder Pain	25	5	30
Did Not Have Shoulder Pain	46	25	71
Total (n)	71	30
Pearson Chi Square Test
Shoulder Pain		p(<0.10) p=0.06
No Shoulder Pain		p<0.10 (p=0.09)

Figure 1 Count data model based on the negative binomial distribution.