Premium Monovision versus Bilateral Myopic Monovision, Hybrid Monovision and Bilateral Trifocal Implantation: A Comparative Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and Preoperative Data for Study Participants

Study Group	N	Age (Years) (Mean ± SD)	LOCS	BSCVA (logMAR) (Mean ± SD)
MoG	30	57.4 ± 7.4	Stage 2	0.62 ± 0.07
MfG	30	60.3 ± 8.3	Stage 2	0.55 ± 0.11
HmG	30	57.0 ± 8.8	Stage 2	0.54 ± 0.09
PmG	30	57.9 ± 9.3	Stage 2	0.60 ± 0.06
P-values	ΝΑ	0.12	NA	0.18

Abbreviations: BSCVA, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (logMAR); HmG, Hybrid Monovision Group; LOCS, Lens Opacities Classification System; MfG, Multifocal Lens Group; MoG, Monovision Group; N, number of patients; NA, not applicable; PmG, Premium Monovision Group; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Postoperative Comparisons of All Measured Clinical Parameters

Clinical Parameters	MoG	MfG	HmG	PmG	p-values
	Mean ± SD
UDVA (logMAR)	0.04 ± 0.06	0.03 ± 0.03	0.05 ± 0.04	0.03 ± 0.02	0.12
UIRA (logMAR)	0.08 ± 0.05	0.05 ± 0.04	0.06 ± 0.03	0.05 ± 0.02	0.24
UICPS (logMAR)	0.24 ± 0.08	0.13 ± 0.04	0.18 ± 0.09	0.11 ± 0.04	0.04*
UNRA (logMAR)	0.23 ± 0.09	0.05 ± 0.08	0.08 ± 0.07	0.07 ± 0.06	0.02*
UNCPS (logMAR)	0.34 ± 0.08	0.14 ± 0.10	0.20 ± 0.09	0.17 ± 0.11	0.01*
CS	1.74 ± 0.16	1.61 ± 0.22	1.67 ± 0.23	1.63 ± 0.19	0.13
Glare	0.24 ± 0.35	1.41 ± 0.99	0.78 ± 0.67	0.85 ± 0.45	0.04*
Shadows	0.55 ± 0.27	1.54 ± 0.75	0.87 ± 0.85	0.94 ± 1.01	0.02*
VF-14 score	85.84 ± 10.14	88.23 ± 9.13	87.39 ± 11.14	92.44 ± 9.45	0.04*
VF14-NV	81.77 ± 9.32	92.37 ± 9.37	83.85 ± 12.58	90.69 ± 10.08	0.01*
VF14-DV	89.92 ± 9.25	85.08 ± 10.07	90.93 ± 11.74	94.20 ± 8.63	0.01*
SFP-NV (%)	26.66	90.00	76.67	86.67		MoG	MfG	HmG
					MfG	<0.001
					HmG	<0.001	0.0625
					PmG	<0.001	1.000	0.125
					<0.001
SFP-DV (%)	86.67	83.33	83.33	93.33		MoG	MfG	HmG
					MfG	0.50
					HmG	0.50	1.000
					PmG	<0.001	0.125	0.125
					0.063
SFP (total) (%)	26.67	76.67	70.00	83.33		MoG	MfG	HmG
					MfG	<0.001
					HmG	<0.001	0.50
					PmG	<0.001	0.50	0.13
					<0.001

Note: *p < 0.05.

Abbreviations: UDVA, uncorrected distance visual acuity; UIRA, uncorrected intermediate reading acuity (at 60 cm); UICPS, uncorrected intermediate critical print size (at 60 cm); UNRA, uncorrected near reading acuity (at 40 cm); UNCPS, uncorrected near critical print size (at 40 cm); CS, contrast sensitivity; HmG, Hybrid Monovision Group; MfG, Multifocal Lens Group; MoG, Monovision Group; PmG, Premium Monovision Group; SD, standard deviation; SFP-NV, spectacle-free patients for near vision activities; SFP-DV, spectacle-free patients for distance vision activities; SFP (total), spectacle-free patients for all distances; VF-14, Visual Function Index 14 questionnaire, VF14-NV, Visual Function Index 14 questionnaire Near Vision Score; VF14-DV, Visual Function Index 14 questionnaire Distance Vision Score.

Table 3 Values of Constants a_i and b_i

Clinical Parameters	Constants’ Values
	ai	bi
UDVA	0.71	0.042
UIRA	0.43	0.040
UICPS	0.39	0.041
UNRA	0.51	0.038
UNCPS	0.49	0.039
Glare	0.28	0.047
Shadows	0.29	0.048
CS	0.40	0.051
SFP-NV	0.81	0.042
SFP-DV	0.82	0.044
SFP (total)	0.90	0.043

Abbreviations: UDVA, uncorrected distance visual acuity; UIRA, uncorrected intermediate reading acuity (at 60 cm); UICPS, uncorrected intermediate critical print size (at 60 cm); UNRA, uncorrected near reading acuity (at 40 cm); UNCPS, uncorrected near critical print size (at 40 cm); CS, contrast sensitivity; SFP-NV, spectacle-free patients for near vision activities; SFP-DV, spectacle-free patients for distance vision activities; SFP (total), spectacle-free patients for all distances.

Figure 1 Relative efficacy as a function of each parameter score.

Abbreviations: UDVA, uncorrected distance visual acuity; UIRA, uncorrected intermediate reading acuity (at 60 cm); UICPS, uncorrected intermediate critical print size (at 60 cm); UNRA, uncorrected near reading acuity (at 40 cm); UNCPS, uncorrected critical print size (at 40 cm); CS, contrast sensitivity; SFP (total), spectacle-free patient (all distances); SFP-DV, spectacle-free patient for distance vision activities; SFP-NV, spectacle-free patient for near vision activities; VF-14, Visual Function Index questionnaire.

Table 4 Relative Efficacy of Each Intervention

Clinical Parameters	Surgical Intervention (%)				Optimal (%)
	MoG	MfG	HmG	PmG
UDVA	96	97	95	97	100
UIRA	92	95	94	95	100
UICPS	76	87	82	89	100
UNRA	77	95	92	93	100
UNCPS	66	86	80	83	100
Glare	92	53	74	72	100
Shadows	82	49	71	69	100
CS	87	80	83	81	100
SFP-NV	27	90	77	87	100
SFP-DV	87	83	83	93	100
SFP (total)	27	77	70	83	100
Relative Efficacy	70.78	88.49	87.89	92.18	100

Abbreviations: UDVA, uncorrected distance visual acuity; UIRA, uncorrected intermediate reading acuity (at 60 cm), UICPS, uncorrected intermediate critical print size (at 60 cm); UNRA, uncorrected near reading acuity (at 40 cm); UNCPS, uncorrected near critical print size (at 40 cm); CS, contrast sensitivity; HmG, Hybrid Monovision Group; MfG, Multifocal Lens Group; MoG, Monovision Group; PmG, Premium Monovision Group; SFP-NV, spectacle-free patient for near vision activities; SFP-DV, spectacle-free patient for distance vision activities; SFP (total), spectacle-free patient (all distances).

Figure 2 Relative efficacy of each intervention.

Abbreviations: HmG, Hybrid Monovision Group; MfG, Multifocal Lens Group; MoG, Monovision Group; PmG, Premium Monovision Group.