Incidence and Risk Factors for Retinal Detachment Following Pediatric Cataract Surgery

Figures & data

Table 1 Associations Between Clinical Characteristics and Retinal Detachment After Cataract Surgery in Children: A Statistical Analysis

Retinal Detachment
	Yes	No	Total	p-value
	n=20	n=112	n=132
Frequency (%)
Affected eye
OD	10 (8)	62 (47)	72 (55)	0.658
OS	10 (8)	50 (38)	60 (45)
Gender
Female	7 (5)	58 (44)	65 (49)	0.167
Male	13 (10)	54 (41)	67 (51)
Bilateral Cataract	4 (3)	15 (11)	19 (14)	0.634
Myopia
Yes	8 (6)	14 (11)	22 (17)	0.002
No	11 (8)	96 (73)	107 (81)
NR	1 (1)	2 (2)	3 (2)
Level of surgeon
Consultant	10 (8)	46 (35)	56 (42)	0.064
Fellow	4 (3)	56 (42)	60 (45)
NR	6 (5)	10 (8)	16 (12)
IOL at same setting
Yes	10 (8)	84 (64)	94 (71)	0.026
No	9 (7)	25 (19)	34 (26)
NR	1 (1)	3 (2)	4 (3)
Glaucoma
Yes	7 (5)	5 (4)	12 (9)	< 0.001
No	13 (10)	107 (81)	120 (91)
Median (IQR)
Axial length (mm)	23.7 (20.8; 26.8)	21.6 (20.7; 23.3)		0.027

Abbreviations: OD, Right eye; OS, Left eye; NR, Not recorded; IQR, Interquartile range.

Table 2 Comparative Analysis of Age and Timelines in Pediatric Patients with and without Retinal Detachment Following Cataract Surgery

Retinal Detachment
	Yes		No		p-value
	Median	IQR	Median	IQR
Age (years)	11	(6, 20)	8	(6, 10)	0.003
Age of cataract diagnosis (months)	11	(5, 41)	23	(6, 47)	0.274
Age of cataract surgery (months)	18	(2, 55)	36	(11, 62)	0.059
Time between cataract diagnosis to cataract surgery (months)	2	(1, 14)	3	(1, 13)	0.565
Time between cataract surgery to retinal detachment (years)	7	(2, 13)
Surgical time (minutes)	19	(10, 51)	27	(15, 41)	0.429

Abbreviation: IQR, Interquartile range.

Figure 1 Trend and Statistical Significance of Odds Ratios for Axial Length Based on p-values in Unadjusted Logistic Regression Analysis. The graph displays a dual-line representation of the relationship between the AL and the odds ratio in an unadjusted logistic regression analysis. The X-axis measures the AL in millimeters, while the first Y-axis (blue line with diamond spots) represents the odds ratios associated with each AL. This line demonstrates how the odds ratio changes as the AL increases, permitting the identification of trends such as increasing or decreasing probabilities related to different AL. The second Y-axis (Orange line with square spots) displays the corresponding p-values for each AL. The red dot line indicates the statistical significance of the odds ratios at various points, representing a p-value of ≤ 0.05.

Table 3 Association Between Cataract Types and the Incidence of Retinal Detachment: Odds Ratios and Statistical Significance

Retinal Detachment
Type of Cataract	No	Yes	Total	Odds Ratio	[95% CI]	p-value
	Frequency (%)
Nuclear	54 (40.9)	5 (3.8)	59 (44.7)	1.4	[1.04; 1.77]	0.025
Lamellar	24 (18.2)	5 (3.8)	29 (21.9)	2.2	[0.28; 17.36]	0.449
Posterior polar	18 (13.6)	0 (0.0)	18 (13.6)
Posterior subcapsular	5 (3.8)	5 (3.8)	10 (7.5)	10.3	[1.05; 102.08]	0.046
Anterior polar	5 (3.8)	0 (0.0)	5 (3.8)
Cortical	2 (1.5)	5 (3.8)	7 (5.3)	31.0	[1.90; 506.77]	0.016
Posterior lenticonus	2 (1.5)	0 (0.0)	2 (1.5)
Pyramidal	2 (1.5)	0 (0.0)	2 (1.5)
Total	112 (84.9)	20 (15.2)	132 (100.0)

Abbreviation: CI, Confidence interval.

Table 4 Impact of Axial Length Less or Equal to 23.4 mm, Myopia, IOL Insertion and Glaucoma on the Risk of Retinal Detachment: A Logistic Regression Analysis

Retinal detachment	Odds Ratio	p-value	[95% CI]
Axial length	0.55	0.009	[0.35, 0.86]
Myopia	12.04	0.086	[0.70, 206.27]
IOL insertion	0.33	0.031	[0.12, 0.90]
Glaucoma	49.01	< 0.001	[5.53, 434.64]

Abbreviations: CI, Confidence interval; IOL, Intraocular lens.

Figure 2 Retinal Detachment Risk Over Time: A Survival Analysis. The Kaplan-Meier plot illustrates the probability of RD in relation to the time of cataract surgery. The x-axis shows the time of cataract surgery in years, whereas the y-axis shows the probability of RD. Each mark on the graph signifies the likelihood of individuals being at risk after cataract surgery. The plot depicts the progression of the probability over time.