Update and clinical utility of alcaftadine ophthalmic solution 0.25% in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

Figures & data

Figure 1 The chemical structure of alcaftadine and its primary metabolite.

Notes: The aldehyde structure is converted to a carboxylic acid to form the metabolite via aldehyde oxidation. Copyright © 2011, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. This figure is reproduced with permission from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Reproduced from Bohets H, McGowan C, Mannens G, Schroeder N, Edwards-Swanson K, Shapiro A. Clinical pharmacology of alcaftadine, a novel antihistamine for the prevention of allergic conjunctivitis. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2011;27(2):187–195.⁵⁵

Table 1 Ocular multiple-action antiallergy medications for use in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

Medication, generic (brand)	Solution strength (%)	Volume (mL)	Daily dosage	Pregnancy category	Status
Alcaftadine (Lastacaft)	0.25	3	1 drop daily	B	Rx
Azelastine hydrochloride (Optivar)	0.05	6	1 drop twice daily	C	Rx
Bepotastine besilate (Bepreve)	1.5	2.5, 5, and 10	1 drop twice daily	C	Rx
Epinastine hydrochloride (Elestat)	0.05	5	1 drop twice daily	C	Rx
Ketotifen fumarate (Zaditor)	0.025	5	1 drop twice daily	C	OTC
Ketotifen fumarate (Alaway)	0.025	10	1 drop twice daily	C	OTC
Olopatadine hydrochloride (Patanol)	0.1	5	1 drop twice daily	C	Rx
Olopatadine hydrochloride (Pataday)	0.2	2.5	1 drop daily	C	Rx
Olopatadine hydrochloride (Pazeo)	0.7	2.5	1 drop daily	C	Rx

Notes: All listed medications contain benzalkonium chloride as a preservative. Data from studies.^{2,4,9,53,58,64}

Abbreviations: OTC, over-the-counter; Rx, prescription.

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