Clinical utility of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution in the treatment of dry eyes

Figures & data

Figure 1 Concept diagram of TFOT.

Notes: Current topical dry eye therapy options that contribute to the treatment of each layer of the ocular surface are demonstrated. *Diquafosol sodium may increase the function of the tear film lipid layer by promoting spreading of the lipid layer through lipid and tear fluid secretion. **Rebamipide may suppress the inflammation of the ocular surface in dry eye by its anti-inflammatory action. Copyright © Dry Eye Society. Reproduced from TFOT (Tear Film Oriented Therapy) [webpage on the Internet]. Tokyo: Dry Eye Society of Japan. Available from: http://www.dryeye.ne.jp/en/tfot/index.html. Accessed May 7, 2015.⁴¹
Abbreviations: TFOT, Tear Film Oriented Therapy; OTC, over-the-counter; EGF, epidermal growth factor.

Table 1 Summary of the clinical trials and clinical studies on the benefits of the use of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution

Study	Type of dry eye studied	Study design	Duration (weeks)	Results
Matsumoto et al^Citation19	Aqueous-deficient dry eye	Randomized controlled trial	6	Improvements in ocular staining scores with both 1% and 3% topical diquafosol with a dose-dependent effect
Takamura et al^Citation20	Aqueous-deficient dry eye	Randomized controlled trial	4	The equivalence of fluorescein staining scores and superiority of rose bengal scores were verified against 0.1% sodium hyaluronate
Gong et al^Citation21	Aqueous-deficient dry eye	Randomized, parallel-group, comparison study	4	The equivalence of fluorescein staining scores and superiority of rose bengal scores were verified against 0.1% sodium hyaluronate
Koh et al^Citation22	Aqueous-deficient dry eye	Case series	24	Improvements in subjective symptoms, ocular staining scores, and tear function tests
Koh et al^Citation23	Aqueous-deficient dry eye	Case series	4	Improvements in tear film breakup time and corneal epithelial damage, and reduction in ocular HOAs
Shimazaki-Den et al^Citation26	Short tear film breakup time-type dry eye	An exploratory nonrandomized trial and a randomized clinical trial	4, 12	Improvements in subjective symptoms and tear film breakup time
Kaido et al^Citation27	Short tear film breakup time-type dry eye	Case–control study	4	Improvement in functional visual acuity and reduction in ocular HOAs in the symptom-positive group
Kobashi et al^Citation28	Short tear film breakup time-type dry eye	Case–control study	4	Improvements in tear film breakup time and intraocular scattering
Yamaguchi et al^Citation29	“Real-world” dry eye	Noninterventional, observational study	>8	Diquafosol was effective regardless of the degree of severity according to the ocular fluorescein staining score or the therapeutic pattern
Kamiya et al^Citation30	Aqueous-deficient dry eye	Randomized, parallel-group, case–control study	4	Improvement in tear film breakup time, ocular staining scores, and subjective symptoms in a combination of diquafosol and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate
Hwang et al^Citation31	Aqueous-deficient dry eye	Randomized, parallel-group, case–control study	12	Improvement in the OSDI score, ocular staining, goblet cell density, and impression cytological findings in a combination therapy of diquafosol and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate in a combination therapy of diquafosol and 0.3% sodium hyaluronate
Toda et al^Citation32	Post-LASIK dry eye	Randomized comparative trial	4	Improvement in visual acuity, functional visual acuity, and subjective dry eye symptoms
Mori et al^Citation33	Post-LASIK dry eye	Case series	12	Improvements in the ocular staining scores and subjective symptoms after the additional diquafosol treatment
Arita et al^Citation35	Obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction	Case series	>16	Morphological changes in the meibomian glands and improvements in ocular symptoms, lid margin abnormalities, ocular staining scores, and tear function tests

Abbreviations: HOA, higher-order aberration; OSDI, Ocular Surface Disease Index; LASIK, laser in situ keratomileusis.

TFOT (Tear Film Oriented Therapy) [webpage on the Internet]TokyoDry Eye Society Available from: http://www.dryeye.ne.jp/en/tfot/index.htmlAccessed May 7, 2015

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