Quality of life following glaucoma surgery: canaloplasty versus trabeculectomy

Figures & data

Table 1 Questionnaire items

Item description	Questionnaire	Subscale
1. Change in visual acuity		Visual ocular symptoms
2. Reading newspapers	NEI-VFQ-25, VF-14, VAQ, IVI, NEI-VFQ, GQL-15, ADVS
3. Watching television	NEI-VFQ-25, VF-14, IVI, NEI-VFQ, GQL-15, ADVS
4. Seeing at night	NEI-VFQ-25, VF-14, GSS, VAQ, GQL-15, ADVS
5. Driving	NEI-VFQ-25, VF-14, VAQ, NEI-VFQ, ADVS
6. Glare	GSS, VAQ, GQL-15, ADVS	Nonvisual ocular symptoms
7. Burning and stinging of the eye	NEI-VFQ-25, GSS, NEI-VFQ
8. Foreign body sensation	GSS
9. Tearing	GSS
10. Redness
11. Dryness	GSS
12. Restriction of social contacts (attending social functions, meeting with friends)	VFQ25, IVI, NEI-VFQ, GHPI, GQL-15	Self-care and social life
13. Loss of independence (less control over own body, being a burden on others, loss of confidence in doing usual activities)	NEI-VFQ-25, IVI, NEI-VFQ, GQL-15, ADVS
14. Postoperative mood		Emotional symptoms
15. Stress caused by surgery
16. Stress caused by postoperative care
17. Difference in number of eye drops before/after surgery		Results of surgery
18. Difference in number of follow-ups before/after surgery
19. Number of revision surgeries
20. Fulfilling of expectations not to use drops anymore		Patient satisfaction
21. Satisfaction with results of surgery

Notes: Items 1–13, 15, 16, and 20 were scored on a five-level scale: 5 = not at all, 4 = slightly, 3 = partially, 2 = predominantly, 1 = extremely, 0 = not rated. Item 14: Select two terms from a list of words associated with a negative meaning (eg, frustrated, helpless), a neutral meaning (eg, uncertain), or a positive meaning (eg, happy, carefree). Items 17 and 18 were scored on a three-level scale: 1 = more, 2 = equal, or 3 = less. Item 19: Number of revision surgeries after the initial procedure (zero, once, twice, three times, four times or more than four times. Item 21 had ten levels, from 0 = totally discontent up to 10 = totally content.

Abbreviations: ADVS, Activities of Daily Vision Scale; GHPI, Glaucoma Health Perception Index; GQL-15, The Glaucoma Quality of Life–15 items; GSS, Glaucoma Symptom Scale; IVI, Impact of Vision Impairment; NEI-VFQ, National Eye Institute–Visual Functioning Questionnaire; NEI-NEI-NEI-VFQ-25, National Eye Institute–Visual Functioning Questionnaire–25 items; VAQ, Visual Activities Questionnaire; VF-14, Visual Function Questionnaire–14 items.

Figure 1 Quality-of-life-questionnaire: visual ocular symptoms.

Notes: Change in reading, watching TV, driving, and seeing at night were scored on a five-level scale: 5 = not at all, 4 = slightly, 3 = partially, 2 = predominantly, 1 = extremely, 0 = not rated. A higher score defines few to no visual symptoms. Values are means and error bars indicate the standard deviation.
Abbreviations: CP, canaloplasty; TE, trabeculectomy; TV, television.

Figure 2 Quality-of-life-questionnaire: nonvisual ocular symptoms.

Notes: Glare, burning and stinging of the eye, foreign body sensation, dryness of the eye, and redness of the eye were scored on a five-level scale: 5 = not at all, 4 = slightly, 3 = partially, 2 = predominantly, 1 = extremely, 0= not rated. A higher score defines few to no nonvisual symptoms. Values are means and error bars indicate the standard deviation.
Abbreviations: CP, canaloplasty; TE, trabeculectomy.

Figure 3 Quality-of-life-questionnaire: patient satisfaction with the results of surgery.

Notes: Satisfaction with the surgery was scored from 0 = totally discontent up to 10 = totally content. A higher score defines a better overall satisfaction with the results of the surgery. Values are means and error bars indicate the standard deviation.
Abbreviations: CP, canaloplasty; TE, trabeculectomy.

Table 2 Quality of life outcomes

	Canaloplasty		Trabeculectomy		P-value*
	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD
Change in visual acuity	110	3.29±0.82	112	2.83±0.94	0.001
Reading newspapers	108	4.27±1.08	118	3.65±1.15	<0.001
Watching television	109	4.37±0.92	117	3.79±1.11	<0.001
Seeing at night	108	4.31±0.98	119	3.82±1.10	<0.001
Driving	94	4.28±1.06	96	3.56±1.20	<0.001
Glare	110	4.02±1.09	120	3.36±1.31	<0.001
Pain	112	4.33±0.84	118	3.86±1.15	<0.001
Foreign body sensation	176	4.08±1.08	152	3.78±1.18	0.016
Tearing	176	4.28±0.85	152	4.04±1.05	0.024
Redness	171	3.85±0.98	150	3.47±1.21	0.003
Dry eye	170	4.09±0.95	151	3.44±1.20	<0.001
Fulfillment of expectations not to use drops anymore	113	4.09±1.36	116	4.00±1.43	0.6
Stress caused by surgery	175	4.18±0.86	149	3.59±1.12	<0.001
Stress caused by follow-ups/treatments	176	4.36±0.80	151	3.40±1.20	<0.001
Difference in number of eye drops before/after surgery	113	2.76±0.51	118	2.73±0.56	0.7
Difference in number of follow-ups before/after surgery	174	4.36±0.80	151	3.40±1.20	0.2
Revision surgeries	176	0.12±0.43	150	0.67±1.14	<0.001
Postoperative mood	176	2.30±0.83	151	1.96±0.87	0.009
Satisfaction with results of surgery	175	8.09±2.71	152	7.46±2.61	0.034
Restriction of social contacts	110	4.54±0.99	115	4.57±0.90	0.8
Loss of independence	112	4.45±0.88	121	4.45±0.88	0.9

Notes:

* Student’s t-test, Pearson’s chi-square test as appropriate.

Abbreviations: n, number of answers; SD, standard deviation.