Refractive outcomes of an advanced aspherically optimized profile for myopia corrections by LASIK: a retrospective comparison with the standard aspherically optimized profile

Figures & data

Table 1 Summary of patient demographics

	Parameter	ASA	Triple-A	P-value
General	Number of eyes	107	79	–
	Right eyes	48% (51)	46% (36)	–
	Left eyes	52% (56)	54% (43)	–
	Average age at surgery (years)
	Mean ± SD	34±9	38±10	P=0.024a
	Range	(19, 59)	(20, 57)
	Male	40%	39%	–
	Female	60%	61%	–
Preoperative	Sphere (D)
	Mean ± SD	−4.86±2.24	−4.09±2.64	P=0.055b
	Range	(−0.75, −10.5)	(0.5, −9.25)
	Cylinder (D)
	Mean ± SD	−1.07±1.00	−1.28±1.02	P=0.084a
	Range	(0, −4.25)	(0, −4.50)
	SE (D)
	Mean ± SD	−5.39±2.27	−4.73±2.65	P=0.159b
	Range	(−1.125, −11.75)	(−0.25, −9.75)
	CDVA (logMAR)
	Mean ± SD	0.017±0.052	0.022±0.042	P=0.194a
	Range	(−0.097, 0.301)	(0.000, 0.176)

Notes:

a Two-sided Wilcoxon two-sample test

b two-sided median two-sample test.

Abbreviations: ASA, aberration smart ablation; SD, standard deviation; SE, spherical equivalent; CDVA, corrected distance visual acuity.

Figure 1 Predictability scattergrams of overall achieved correction versus the attempted correction for the ASA profile at 1 month (A), 3 months (B), 6 months (C), and 1 year (D).

Note: The confidence bands are marked at ±0.5 and ±1 D.
Abbreviation: ASA, aberration smart ablation.

Figure 2 Predictability scattergrams of overall achieved correction versus the attempted correction for the Triple-A profile at 1 month (A), 3 months (B), 6 months (C), and 1 year (D).

Note: The confidence bands are marked at ±0.5 and ±1 D.

Table 2 Postoperative analyses of predictability

Parameter	Time points	ASA (n=107 eyes)	Triple-A (n=79 eyes)	P-value
SD of residuals (root MSE) (D)	1 mo	0.40	0.31	0.5462
	3 mo	0.36	0.33	0.3404
	6 mo	0.40	0.34	0.0303*
	1 yr	0.44	0.32	0.0219*
Slopes (CI)	1 mo	1.021 (−0.211; 0.208)	1.034 (1.009; 1.060)	–
	3 mo	0.988 (0.956; 1.021)	1.011 (0.983; 1.039)
	6 mo	0.966 (0.930; 1.002)	1.007 (0.978; 1.036)
	1 yr	0.939 (0.899; 0.978)	0.995 (0.968; 1.022)
Intercept (CI) (D)	1 mo	0.00 (−0.21; 0.21)	0.06 (−0.08; 0.20)	–
	3 mo	−0.10 (−0.30; 0.09)	0.03 (−0.12; 0.18)
	6 mo	−0.13 (−0.35; 0.08)	0.04 (−0.11; 0.20)
	1 yr	−0.24 (−0.47; −0.01)	0.01 (−0.14; 0.16)

Notes:

* P<0.05 was considered to be significant. For SD of residuals comparison, the Siegel–Tukey test was used.

Abbreviations: ASA, aberration smart ablation; SD, standard deviation; root MSE, root mean square error; CI, confidence interval; Mo, months; yr, year.

Figure 3 Accuracy plots for the ASA group (A) and the Triple-A group (B).

Note: The insets indicate the percentage of eyes corrected within ±0.5 and ±1.0 D.
Abbreviation: ASA, aberration smart ablation.

Table 3 Accuracy comparison between ASA and Triple-A profiles

Parameter	Time points	ASA (n=107 eyes)	Triple-A (n=79 eyes)	P-value
% with SE within ±0.5 D (%)	1 mo	93	90	0.4215a
	3 mo	94	92	0.7641a
	6 mo	89	90	1.0000a
	1 yr	85	90	0.3820a
% with SE within ±1.0 D (%)	1 mo	97	100	0.2630a
	3 mo	99	100	1.0000a
	6 mo	99	100	1.0000a
	1 yr	97	100	0.2630a
				P (mean)	P (variance)
Postoperative SE – target (mean ± SD)	1 mo	0.11±0.40 D	0.10±0.32 D	0.731b	0.784c
	3 mo	0.04±0.36 D	0.03±0.33 D	0.760b	0.427c
	6 mo	−0.05±0.41 D	−0.01±0.34 D	0.591b	0.062c
	1 yr	−0.09±0.46 D	−0.03±0.32 D	0.518d	0.007c

Notes:

a Statistical analysis between the Triple-A and ASA groups was performed using Fisher’s exact test

b two-sided Wilcoxon two-sample test

c two-sided Siegel–Tukey test

d two-sided median two-sample test.

Abbreviations: ASA, aberration smart ablation; SE, spherical equivalent; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 4 Stability plots for the ASA group (A) and the Triple-A group (B).

Abbreviation: ASA, aberration smart ablation.

Table 4 Comparison of stability parameters of ASA and Triple-A groups

Parameter	Time interval	ASA (n=107 eyes)	Triple-A (n=79 eyes)	P-value
				P (mean)	P (SD)
Δ (SE – target)/month (mean ± SD)	1 yr–6 mo	−0.04±0.22	−0.02±0.16	0.3790a	0.1563b
	6–3 mo	−0.09±0.22	−0.04±0.15	0.0885a	0.0882b
	6–1 mo	−0.16±0.33	−0.11±0.23	0.0917a	0.1595b
Changed >0.5 D (%)	1–6 mo	7	5	0.762c
	6 mo–1 yr	3	3	1.000c

Notes:

* P<0.05 was considered significant

a two-sided Wilcoxon two-sample test

b two-sided Siegel–Tukey test

c Fisher’s exact test.

Abbreviations: ASA, aberration smart ablation; SE, spherical equivalent; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 5 Refractive astigmatism profiles of the ASA group (A) and the Triple-A group (B).

Abbreviation: ASA, aberration smart ablation.

Table 5 Comparison of pre- and postoperative cylinder

Parameter	Time points	ASA (n=107 eyes)	Triple-A (n=79 eyes)	P-value
% with cylinder within ±0.5 D	Preoperative	39	34	–
	1 mo	90	95	0.278a
	3 mo	90	96	0.158a
	6 mo	91	97	0.074a
	1 yr	90	92	0.613a
% with cylinder within ±1.0 D	Preoperative	69	54	–
	1 mo	99	100	1.000a
	3 mo	100	100	NA
	6 mo	99	100	1.000a
	1 yr	100	100	NA
				P (mean)	P (SD)
Postoperative CYL – target (mean ± SD)	1 mo	0.22±0.29 D	0.23±0.23 D	0.0602b	0.0197c,*
	3 mo	0.21±0.29 D	0.21±0.24 D	0.1233b	0.0127c,*
	6 mo	0.21±0.30 D	0.22±0.23 D	0.3622d	0.0507c
	1 yr	0.25±0.31 D	0.23±0.24 D	0.1243b	0.0014c,*

Notes:

* P<0.05 was considered significant.

a Fisher’s exact test

b two-sided median two-sample test

c two-sided Siegel–Tukey test

d two-sided Wilcoxon two-sample test.

Abbreviations: ASA, aberration smart ablation; SD, standard deviation; Cyl, cylinder; NA, not applicable.

Figure 6 Safety profiles for the ASA group (A) and the Triple-A group (B).

Note: The safety profiles are indicated by the change in Snellen lines of corrected distance visual acuity.
Abbreviations: ASA, aberration smart ablation; CDVA, corrected distance visual acuity.

Table 6 Safety parameters for the ASA and Triple-A groups

Parameter	Time points	ASA (n=107 eyes)	Triple-A (n=79 eyes)	P-value
Lines gained (%)	1 mo	47	43	0.6565a
	3 mo	53	48	0.5534a
	6 mo	52	57	0.5545a
	1 yr	47	61	0.0746a
Safety index	1 mo	1.12	1.11	–
	3 mo	1.13	1.13	–
	6 mo	1.13	1.15	–
	1 yr	1.11	1.16	–
				P (mean)	P (SD)
Safety index per eye	1 mo	1.11±0.14	1.11±0.14	0.7048b	0.4365c
	3 mo	1.13±0.15	1.13±0.14	0.6069b	0.3044c
	6 mo	1.14±0.14	1.15±0.14	0.5490b	0.9950c
	1 yr	1.12±0.16	1.16±0.14	0.0498b,*	0.0869c

Notes:

* P<0.05 was considered significant

a Fisher’s exact test

b two-sided Wilcoxon two-sample test

c two-sided Siegel–Tukey test.

Abbreviations: ASA, aberration smart ablation; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 7 Snellen visual acuity of the ASA group (A) and the Triple-A group (B).

Abbreviation: ASA, aberration smart ablation.

Table 7 Efficacy index and efficacy index per eye for ASA and Triple-A groups

Parameter	Time points	ASA (n=107 Eyes)	Triple-A (n=79 Eyes)	P-value
% with UDVA ≥20/20	Pre-CDVA	85	78	–
	1 mo	64	76	0.0798a
	3 mo	68	75	0.4143a
	6 mo	66	75	0.2590a
	1 yr	72	73	0.8691a
Efficacy index	1 mo	0.92	0.96	–
	3 mo	0.93	0.96	–
	6 mo	0.93	0.97	–
	1 yr	0.95	0.97	–
				P (mean)	P (SD)
Efficacy index per eye	1 mo	0.954±0.239	1.018±0.258	0.0186b,*	0.7777c
	3 mo	0.963±0.243	1.018±0.272	0.0651b	0.9236c
	6 mo	0.968±0.252	1.032±0.281	0.0323b,*	0.9766c
	1 yr	0.992±0.250	1.041±0.277	0.0959b	0.5694c

Notes:

* P<0.05 was considered significant

a Fisher’s exact test

b two-sided Wilcoxon two-sample test

c two-sided Siegel–Tukey test.

Abbreviations: ASA, aberration smart ablation; UDVA, uncorrected distance visual acuity; CDVA, corrected distance visual acuity; SD, standard deviation.