Folate status in type 2 diabetic patients with and without retinopathy

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study population

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=231)	PDR 65	NPDR 70	WR 96
Female/male	30/35	40/30	41/55
Age (years)	65.8±10.4	64.1±10.8	56.8±10.2
Smokers/nonsmokers	45/20	56/14	67/32
BMI (kg/m^2)	26.1±3.2	26.4±3.9	27.4±38
Waist circumference (cm)	94.1±8.71	95.0±7.4	94.2±7.6
Hip circumference (cm)	96.7±8.25	96.8±7.44	96.1±79.7
Waist-to-hip ratio	0.97±0.08	0.9±00.9	0.97±0.06
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	138.6±13.4	138.2±14.1	144.1±8.2
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	81.8±8.7	84.7±7.9	84.1±8.1

Note: All data were expressed with mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; NPDR, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; WR, without retinopathy.

Table 2 Laboratory parameters of subjects included in the study

Parameter	PDR 65	NPDR 70	Without DR 96
Cholesterol total (mmol/L)	6.02±0.98	5.96±0.96*	5.94±0.87*
HDL (mmol/L)	1.44±0.37	1.40±0.41*	1.39±0.39*
LDL (mmol/L)	4.29±0.39	4.28±0.38*	4.27±0.34*
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.84±0.58	1.72±0.59*	1.74±0.67*
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)	168.8±31.4	155.1±30.2**	160.4±30.7*
HbA1c (%)	8.1±0.8	7.9±0.7*	6.9±0.8***

Notes: All data were expressed with mean ± standard deviation. Comparison between PDR and other groups:

* P=NS,

** P<0.05,

*** P<0.001.

Abbreviations: PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; NPDR, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; DR, diabetic retinopathy; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HbA_1c, glycated hemoglobin; NS, not significant.

Figure 1 Laboratory parameters of subjects included in the study.

Notes: (A) Creatinine, (B) homocysteine, (C) folic acid, and (D) red cell folate. All data were expressed with mean ± standard deviation. P<0.05 (*vs Control; ^$vs NPDR); P<0.005 (**vs Control; ^##vs DWR; ^$$vs NPDR); P<0.001 (***vs Control; ^###vs DWR; ^$$$vs NPDR).
Abbreviations: Hcy, homocysteine; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; NPDR, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; DWR, diabetic without retinopathy.