Refractive outcome of prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity treated by diode laser: follow-up at 5 years

Figures & data

Figure 1 A male infant who was born at 29 weeks’ gestation and of birth weight 1.450 g. OU: ROP stage 2 and 3, zone 1, with plus disease. ROP regressed bilaterally after laser treatment. Refraction at 65 months of age: OD, −7.25 D/−3.50 D, axis 11 degrees; OS, −6.50 D/−2.75, D axis 170 degrees.

Abbreviations: ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; OD, oculus dexter; OU, oculus uterque; OS, oculus sinister.

Figure 2 A female infant who was born at 31 weeks’ gestation and of birth weight 1.600 g. OU: ROP stage 2, zone 1, with plus disease. ROP regressed bilaterally after laser treatment. Refraction at 62 months of age: OD, −3.00 D/−1.75 D, axis 0 degrees; OS, −2.50/−2.00, axis 180 degrees.

Abbreviations: ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; OD, oculus dexter; OU, oculus uterque; OS, oculus sinister.

Figure 3 A male infant who was born at 31 weeks’ gestation and of birth weight 1.200 g. OU: ROP stage 2, zone 2, with disease. Regression of retinopathy of prematurity after laser treatment. Refraction at 61 months of age. OD, −2.50 D/−1.00 D, axis 0 degrees; OS, −4.75 D/−2.25 D, axis 180 degrees.

Abbreviations: ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; OD, oculus dexter; OU, oculus uterque; OS, oculus sinister.

Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

Total number of babies (male, female)	50 (22–28)
Average gestational age (weeks)	29.88 (27–32)
Average weight at birth (g)	1,426.40 (800–1,750)
Refraction at 5 years	Right eye	Left eye
Average SE (range)	−2.75 (−13 to +5)	−3.20 (−12 to +4)
Average astigmatism	−1.70 D	−1.72 D

Abbreviations: SE, spherical equivalent; D, diopters.

Table 2 Spherical equivalent in right and left eyes (n=100)

SE	Right eye	Left eye	Total
≥+5.0	None	None	0
+2.5 to +5	5	3	8
0.25 to +2.25	7	6	13
0 to −2.25	14	15	29
−2.5 to −4.75	7	11	18
−5.0 to −10	16	14	30
>−10	1	1	2
Total	50	50	100

Notes: All values are measure in Diopters. SE are presented in a range.

Abbreviation: SE, spherical equivalent.

Table 3 Correlation of birth weight and refraction

Birth weight (g)	800–1,250		1,251–1,500		1,501–1,750
Refraction	n	%	n	%	n	%
Myopia	16	61.53	20	62.5	24	55.81
Hypermetropia	9	34.61	2	6.25	9	20.93
Emmetropia	1	3.86	10	31.25	10	23.26
Total	26	100	32	100	43	100

Table 4 Correlation of gestational age and refraction

Gestational age (weeks)	27–28		29–30		31–32
Refraction	n	%	n	%	n	%
Myopia	17	77.27	23	53.48	20	58.82
Hypermetropia	2	9.09	12	27.91	6	17.65
Emmetropia	3	13.64	8	18.61	8	23.53
Total	22	100	43	100	34	100

Table 5 Comparison of studies

Study	Year	Country	MBW (g)	Mean GA (weeks)
Axer-Siegel et al^Citation11	2008	Israel	833.9	26
Lee et al^Citation12	2004	Australia	770	25.5
Knight-Nanan and O’Keefe^Citation3	1996	Ireland	918	26.77
Al-Otaibi et al^Citation13	2012	Saudi Arabia	896.9±33.5*	26.5±3.1*
Dhawan et al^Citation14	2008	Indian	882.2±265*	26.4±2.3*
Nguyen^Citation15	2007	Vietnam	1,474.4±250.3*	31.82±1.97*
Present study	2014	Vietnam	1,426.40	29.88

Note:

* Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: GA, gestational age; MBW, mean birth weight.

Table 6 Refractive error prevalence by other authors

Author	Mean follow-up (years)	Eyes (n)	Myopia	Hypermetropia
Axer-Siegel et al^Citation11	3	194	55.2%	*
Katoch et al^Citation16	3.5	76	26.1%	*
Nguyen^Citation15	5	100	71.8%	23.1%
Al-Otaibi et al^Citation13	5.2±2.5^	114	64%	29%
Yang et al^Citation19	9	60	93%	*
Present study	5	100	59%	21%

Notes:

* Not available in the study.

^ Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Axer-SiegelRMaharshakISnirMDiode laser treatment of retinopathy of prematurity: anatomical and refractive outcomesRetina200828683984618536600

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

LeeGAHilfordDJGoleGADiode laser treatment of pre-threshold and threshold retinopathy of prematurityClin Experiment Ophthalmol200432216416915068433

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Knight-NananDMO’KeefeMRefractive outcome in eyes with retinopathy of prematurity treated with cryotherapy or diode laser: 3 years follow upBr J Ophthalmol1996801199810018976729

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Al-OtaibiAGAldreesSSMousaAALong term visual outcomes in laser treated threshold retinopathy of prematurity in Central Saudi ArabiaSaudi J Ophthalmol201226329930323961009

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

DhawanADograMVinekarAGuptaADuttaSStructural sequelae and refractive outcome after successful laser treatment for threshold retinopathy of prematurityJ Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus200845635636119043947

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

NguyenXTClinical features and initial application of laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurePhD dissertationHanoi, VietnamHanoi Medical University2007

 Google Scholar

KatochDSanghiGDograMRBekeNGuptaAStructural sequelae and refractive outcome 1 year after laser treatment for type 1 prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity in Asian Indian eyesIndian J Ophthalmol201159642342622011484

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

YangCSWangAGShihYFHsuWMAstigmatism and biometric optic components of diode laser-treated threshold retinopathy of prematurity at 9 years of ageEye (Lond)201327337438123222565

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar