Recurrent rates and risk factors associated with recurrent painful bullous keratopathy after primary phototherapeutic keratectomy

Figures & data

Table 1 Grading scale to assess pain of the patients

Category score	Symptom scale	History of bullous keratopathy
1	Mild	Mild symptoms, sometimes (≤3 times/day)
2	Moderate	Moderate symptoms, usually (>3 times/day)
3	Severe	Severe symptoms, all the time when lid is open

Table 2 Reasons for having phototherapeutic keratectomy and corneal problems diagnosed before surgery

Diagnosis	N (72)	%
Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy	50	69.40
Corneal decompensate of unknown etiology	11	15.30
Aphakic bullous keratopathy	5	6.90
Fuchs’ corneal endothelial dystrophy	5	6.90
Lattice corneal dystrophy	1	1.40

Table 3 Prevalence of ocular-associated diseases among the study patients

Ocular disease	N (72)	%
Glaucoma	37	51.39
EMM	1	1.39
No association	34	47.22

Abbreviation: EMM, epimacular membranes.

Table 4 Prevalence of systemic-associated diseases among the study patients

Systemic disease	N (72)	%
Hypertension	14	19.40
Diabetes mellitus	1	1.40
Ischemic heart disease	1	1.40
No association	56	77.80

Table 5 Factors associated with the risk of developing recurrent painful bullous keratopathy according to univariate and multivariate analyses

Variables	Univariate analysis (P-value)	Multivariate analysis
		P-value	Hazard ratio	95% CI
Age	0.845a	–	–	–
Sex	0.654b	–	–	–
Duration of bullous keratopathy	0.094a,#	0.058	0.96	0.93–1.00
Diagnosis	0.583b	–	–	–
Ocular-associated disease	0.868b	–	–	–
Systemic underlying disease	0.008b,#,*	0.022*	1.67	1.08–2.58
Degree of pain	0.546b	–	–	–
Preoperative BCVA	0.382a,#	0.710	1.08	0.73–1.57
Diameter of laser ablation	0.291a,#	0.270	1.19	0.87–1.64
Depth of laser ablation	0.513a	–	–	–
Central corneal thickness (µm)	0.345a	–	–	–
Intraocular pressure (mmHg)	0.996a	–	–	–

Notes:

a Cox regression analysis;

b Kaplan–Meier analysis;

* statistically significant;

# variables incorporated into the multivariate analysis.

Abbreviations: BCVA, best corrected visual acuity; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 1 Kaplan-Meier survival curve showing cumulative survival over time in months.