Intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis in the Mid-Atlantic USA

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient demographics, uveitis characteristics, clinical measurements, and outcomes by site of ocular inflammation

	Intermediate uveitis	Posterior uveitis	Panuveitis	All sites
	(n=26) (16.35%)	(n=62) (38.99%)	(n=71) (44.65%)	(n=159) (100%)
Sex (%)
Male	10 (38.46)	31 (50.00)	31 (43.66)	72 (45.28)
Female	16 (61.54)	31 (50.00)	40 (56.34)	87 (54.72)
Race/ethnicity (%)
Caucasian	19 (73.08)	43 (69.35)	45 (63.38)	107 (67.30)
African–American	4 (15.38)	11 (17.74)	20 (28.17)	35 (22.01)
Hispanic	0 (0)	3 (4.84)	0 (0)	3 (1.89)
Other	3 (11.54)	5 (8.06)	6 (8.45)	14 (8.81)
Mean age (years) at diagnosis of uveitis (± SD)	33.2 (19.26)	43.6 (19.52)	50.5 (21.43)	45.5 (21.66)
Mean age (years) at presentation (± SD)	32.6 (18.33)	41.8 (17.88)	50.2 (21.70)	44.6 (21.20)
Mean duration (years) of follow-up (± SD)	3.9 (5.49)	4.24 (7.17)	3.72 (5.90)	3.95 (6.31)
Mean number of ophthalmology clinic visits (± SD)	8.62 (7.26)	11.05 (13.52)	10.37 (12.15)	10.35 (12.04)
Uveitis laterality (%)
Bilateral	19 (73.08)	32 (51.62)	27 (38.03)	78 (49.06)
Unilateral	7 (26.92)	30 (48.39)	44 (61.97)	81 (50.94)
Clinical measures and visual outcomes
Initial logMAR BCVA (± SD)	0.51 (0.81)	0.43 (0.50)	0.95 (1.01)	0.66 (0.84)
Final logMAR BCVA (± SD)	0.23 (0.37)	0.43 (0.69)	0.87 (1.06)	0.57 (0.85)
Initial IOP (± SD)	14.60 (4.95)	15.30 (6.19)	14.77 (5.77)	14.95 (5.78)
Final IOP (± SD)	13.88 (3.73)	15.22 (4.31)	15.05 (7.23)	14.90 (5.63)

Abbreviations: BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; IOP, intraocular pressure; logMAR, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis distribution in key US studies*

	Present study (n=491)	Gritz and Wong^Citation15 (n=310)**	Oruc et al^Citation8 (n=853)	Rodriguez et al^Citation16 (n=1,237)	Merrill et al^Citation7 (n=385)	Henderly et al^Citation17 (n=600)
Anterior uveitis	67.60%	86.50%	22.27%	51.50%	25.00%	27.80%
Intermediate uveitis	5.30%	3.60%	11.02%	13.10%	12.00%	15.40%
Posterior uveitis	12.60%	2.60%	48.53%	19.40%	24.00%	38.40%
Panuveitis	14.50%	6.10%	18.17%	16.00%	38.00%	18.40%

Notes:

* Anterior uveitis percentages included here for reference.

** Numbers reflect data with indeterminate location cases removed.

Table 3 Common intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis diagnoses

Diagnosis	n (%)
Intermediate uveitis
Pars planitis	19 (73.08)
Sarcoidosis	3 (11.54)
Ankylosing spondylitis	1 (3.85)
Post-surgical	1 (3.85)
Posterior uveitis
Toxoplasmosis	11 (17.74)
Multifocal choroiditis	9 (14.52)
Undifferentiated	9 (14.52)
Birdshot chorioretinitis	7 (11.29)
Acute retinal necrosis	4 (6.45)
Serpiginous choroiditis	3 (4.84)
APMPPE	3 (4.84)
MEWDS	3 (4.84)
Sarcoidosis	2 (3.23)
CMV posterior uveitis	2 (3.23)
Ulcerative colitis	1 (1.61)
Polyarteritis nodosa	1 (1.61)
Syphilis	1 (1.61)
Eales disease	1 (1.61)
Panuveitis
Undifferentiated	23 (32.39)
Post-surgical	13 (18.31)
Sarcoidosis	9 (12.68)
Acute retinal necrosis	9 (12.68)
Toxoplasmosis	3 (4.23)
Fungal	3 (4.23)
Herpetic panuveitis	2 (2.82)
CMV panuveitis	2 (2.82)
Tuberculosis	1 (1.41)
Crohn’s disease	1 (1.41)
Trauma	1 (1.41)

Abbreviations: APMPPE, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy; CMV, cytomegalovirus; MEWDS, multiple evanescent white dot syndrome.

Table 4 Treatments and interventions by anatomical location

Treatments/interventions n (%)	Intermediate uveitis (n=26)	Posterior uveitis (n=62)	Panuveitis (n=71)	Total (n=159)
Local steroids	18 (69.23)	23 (37.10)	50 (70.42)	91 (57.23)
Systemic steroids	12 (46.15)	22 (35.48)	33 (46.48)	67 (42.14)
Antimetabolites	7 (26.92)	10 (16.13)	10 (14.08)	27 (16.98)
Anti-TNF agents	3 (11.54)	2 (3.23)	2 (2.82)	7 (4.40)
Subtenon injection	2 (7.69)	3 (4.84)	7 (9.86)	12 (7.55)
Intravitreal injection	4 (15.38)	12 (19.35)	17 (23.94)	33 (20.75)
Glaucoma topical treatment	4 (15.38)	13 (20.97)	21 (38.03)	38 (23.90)
Glaucoma surgery	1 (3.85)	5 (8.06)	23 (32.39)	29 (18.24)
Cataract surgery	3 (11.54)	9 (14.52)	22 (30.99)	34 (21.38)
Pars plana vitrectomy	3 (11.54)	1 (1.61)	6 (8.45)	10 (6.29)

Abbreviation: TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

Table 5 Visual acuity at final follow-up by anatomical location

Location	≥20/40 n (%)	20/50–20/200 n (%)	<20/200 n (%)
Intermediate uveitis (n=45 eyes)	35 (77.8)	7 (15.6)	3 (6.7)
Posterior uveitis (n=94 eyes)	55 (58.5)	26 (27.7)	13 (13.8)
Panuveitis (n=98 eyes)	41 (41.8)	26 (26.5)	31 (31.6)
Total (n=237 eyes)	131 (55.3)	59 (24.9)	47 (19.8)

GritzGCWongIGIncidence and prevalence of uveitis in Northern CaliforniaOphthalmology2004111349150015019324

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OrucSKaplanADGalenMKaplanHJUveitis referral pattern in a Midwest University Eye CenterOcul Immunol Inflamm200311428729814704900

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RodriguezACalongeMPedroza-SeresMReferral patterns of uveitis in a tertiary eye care centerArch Ophthalmol199611455935998619771

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MerrillPTKimJCoxTABetorCCMcCallumRMJaffeGJUveitis in Southeastern United StatesCurr Eye Res1997168658749288447

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HenderlyOEGenstlerAJSmithRERaoNAChanging patterns of uveitisAm J Ophthalmol198710321311363812615

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