Prevalence and factors predictive of intraocular fungal infection in patients with fungemia at an academic urban tertiary care center

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient characteristics

	N=123 (%)	N=9 (%)	P-value
Sex
Men	72 (58.5)	4 (44.4)	0.42
Women	52 (41.5)	5 (55.6)	0.42
Age, ± standard deviation (years)	37.3±25.2	51.1±17.8	0.05
Age after exclude those ≤20 years old, none of	45.6±19.8	51.1±17.8	0.39
whom had ocular fungal infection
Race
White	49 (39.8)	4 (44.4)	0.75
Black	64 (52.0)	4 (44.4)	0.66
Other	10 (8.1)	1 (11.1)	0.79
Visual acuity (near, best corrected)	N = number of eyes; 247 (%)	N = number of eyes; 17 (%)
20/20–20/40	104 (42.1)	8 (47.1)	0.69
20/50–20/200	38 (15.4)	4 (23.5)	0.38
>20/200	4 (1.6)	0	0.60
Fixes and follows	24 (9.7)	0	0.18
Unable to assess	77 (31.2)	6 (35.3)	0.72
Visual symptoms (floaters, photopsias, pain, and conjunctival injection)
Present	76 (30.8)	4 (23.5)	0.74
Absent	94 (38.1)	10 (58.5)	0.09
Unable to assess	77 (31.2)	3 (17.6)	0.24
Candida species grown	N=123 (%)	N=9 (%)
C. Albicans	50 (40.7)	6 (66.7)	0.13
C. Parapsilosis	30 (24.4)	0	0.09
C. Glabrata	22 (17.9)	2 (22.2)	0.75
C. Tropicalis	15 (12.2)	1 (11.1)	0.92
C. Lusitaniae	2 (1.6)	0	0.65
C. Krusei	2 (1.6)	0	0.65
Candida not otherwise specified	2 (1.6)	0	0.65
Prophylactic antifungal therapy useda
Amphotericin B	30 (24.4)	1 (11.1)	0.36
Caspofungin	48 (39.0)	4 (44.4)	0.75
Fluconazole	61 (49.6)	5 (55.5)	0.73
Voriconazole	13 (10.6)	1 (11.1)	0.96
Number using multiple antifungal agents	36 (29.2)	2 (22.2)	0.65
Risk factors for disseminated candidiasisa
Broad spectrum antibiotic use	98 (79.7)	8 (77.8)	0.89
Indwelling intravenous catheters	92 (74.7)	7 (66.7)	0.59
Gastrointestinal surgery within the last	32 (26.0)	8 (88.9)	,0.01
6 months
Parenteral hyperalimentation	59 (47.9)	5 (55.5)	0.33
Generalized immunosuppression	63 (51.2)	6 (66.7)	0.10
Multiple-organ involvement	40 (32.5)	4 (44.4)	0.16
Intravenous drug abuse	2 (0.02)	0	0.60
Average number of positive blood culture	2.02	4.22	0.03
specimens per patient
Fraction of positive blood culture  specimens	0.52	0.78	0.04
Intraocular pressure	14.01	13.20	0.71
Concomitant bacteremia	28 (22.6)	1 (11.1)	0.34
Number of nonocular surgeries in the past year	0.86	1.55	0.07

Notes: Columns with mutual exclusively may not round to 100% due to rounding errors.

a The following columns will not add to 100% since these items were not mutually exclusive.

Table 2 Factors impacting ocular Candida infection in the multivariate logistic regression model

	Odds ratio (95% confidence intervals)	P-value
Gastrointestinal surgery
None in prior 6 months (reference)	–	–
One or more in the prior 6 months	18.5 (15.1–24.3)	0.002
Number of positive Candida blood cultures
≤2 (reference)	–	–
≥3	2.6 (1.8–3.7)	0.03
Fraction of positive blood culture specimens
<0.75 (reference)	–	–
≥0.75	2.4 (1.2–3.1)	0.04

Notes: Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the covariates associated with an increased risk of intraocular fungal infection. P-values are from the χ² tests.