Determinants of high unmet need for presbyopia correction: a community-based study in northwest Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of study participants of Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2015 (n=729)

Variables	Number	Percent
Age (years)
36–45	297	40.8
46–55	278	38.1
56–65	124	17.0
>66	30	4.1
Gender
Male	496	68.0
Female	233	32.0
Residence
Urban	696	95.5
Rural	33	4.5
Marital status
Currently married	577	79.1
Currently unmarried	152	20.9
Income per month (Ethiopian Birr)
500–1000	221	30.5
1001–2000	311	42.7
2001–4000	158	21.7
>4000	39	5.1
Educational status
Unable to read and write	221	30.3
Able to read and write only	99	13.6
Grade 1–8	118	16.2
Grade 9–12	127	17.4
College and above	164	22.5
Occupation
Unemployed (retired)	273	37.4
Government employee	177	24.3
Merchant	176	24.1
Farmer	18	2.5
Others (tailor, woodworker, weaver)	85	11.7

Table 2 Sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of unmet presbyopic need among people aged above 35 years in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2015

Characteristics	Non-correctable presbyopia, n (%)	Correctable presbyopia, n (%)	Unmet need, n (%)
Age group (years)
36–45	0 (0.0)	299 (41.9)	144 (48.8)
46–55	7 (41.2)	269 (37.8)	225 (83.3)
56–65	9 (52.9)	115 (16.2)	98 (83.8)
>66	1 (5.9)	29 (4.1)	26 (86.7)
Gender
Male	13 (76.5)	482 (67.7)	351 (72.5)
Female	4 (23.5)	230 (32.3)	142 (62.3)
Residence
Urban	16 (94.1)	680 (95.5)	471 (95.5)
Rural	1 (5.9)	32 (4.5)	22 (4.5)
Marital status
Married	15 (88.2)	561 (78.8)	412 (73.2)
Unmarried	2 (11.8)	151 (21.2)	81 (54.4)
Monthly income (ETB)
500–1000	9 (52.9)	216 (30.3)	171 (88.1)
1001–2000	6 (35.3)	301 (42.2)	251 (80.7)
2001–4000	2 (11.8)	157 (22.1)	53 (34.2)
>4000	0 (0.0)	38 (5.3)	18 (34.6)
Educational status
Unable to read	8 (47.0)	212 (29.8)	159 (76.4)
and write
Able to read and	0 (0.0)	99 (13.9)	72 (73.5)
write only
Grade 1–8	1 (5.9)	118 (16.6)	102 (86.4)
Grade 9–12	7 (41.2)	120 (16.9)	82 (65.1)
Above college	1 (5.9)	163 (22.8)	78 (48.1)
Occupation
Unemployed	9 (52.9)	264 (37.1)	194 (39.4)
Government	3 (17.6)	175 (24.6)	117 (23.7)
employee
Merchant	2 (11.8)	174 (24.4)	128 (25.9)
Farmer	1 (5.9)	17 (2.4)	11 (2.23)
Others	2 (11.8)	82 (11.5)	43 (8.72)

Abbreviation: ETB, Ethiopian birr.

Table 3 Determinants of high unmet need for presbyopia correction among people aged above 35 years in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2015 (n=712)

Variables	Number	COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
Age (years)
36–45	295	3.6 (3, 3.8)*	3.01 (3.06, 4.8)*
46–55	270	0.60 (0.16, 2.28)	0.69 (0.18, 3.06)
56–65	117	0.61 (0.15, 2.45)	0.73 (0.18, 3.06)
≥66	30	1.00	1.00
Gender
Male	484	1.00	1.00
Female	228	2.87 (2.2, 3.1)*	1.78 (1.68, 2.9)*
Educational status
Unable to read and write	208	2.05 (0.98, 4.31)	1.89 (0.96, 3.78)
Able to read and write only	98	1.36 (0.61, 3.01)	1.95 (0.88, 4.29)
Grade 1–8	118	3.55 (1.57, 8.03)*	0.53 (0.24, 1.15)
Grade 9–12	126	1.32 (0.69, 2.50)	1.03 (0.53, 2.01)
College and above	162	1.00	1.00
Awareness about place of refraction
Aware	597	1.00	1.00
Not aware	115	7.1 (6.0, 9.4)*	4.38 (1.36,13.7)*
Eye checkup in the past 1 year
No	466	12 (8.0, 8.1)*	8.36 (5.16, 13.7)**
Yes	245	1	1.00

Notes:

* P<0.05,

** P<0.001.

Abbreviations: COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.