Assessment of tear film in subjects with a high body mass index

Figures & data

Figure 1 Representative TF images from the subjects within the study group.

Abbreviation: TF, tear ferning.

Figure 2 Side-by-side boxplots for the OSDI scores within the study and control groups.

Abbreviation: OSDI, ocular surface disease index.

Figure 3 Side-by-side boxplots for the NITBUT scores within the study and control groups.

Note: Statistically significant value at P<0.05.

Abbreviation: NITBU, non-invasive tear break-up time.

Figure 4 Side-by-side boxplots for the TMH scores within the study and control groups.

Abbreviation: TMH, tear meniscus height.

Figure 5 Side-by-side boxplots for the PRT scores within the study and control groups.

Abbreviation: PRT, phenol red thread.

Figure 6 Side-by-side boxplots for the TF grades within the study and control groups.

Note: Statistically significant value at P<0.05.

Abbreviation: TF, tear ferning.

Table 1 Averages [mean ± standard deviation or medians (interquartile range)] for the OSDI, NITBUT, TMH, PRT, and TF measurements within the study and control groups

Test	Study group (n=20)	Control group (n=20)
BMI (kg/m^2)*	31.8 (5.2)	20.5 (2.8)
OSDI score	7.8±2.7	5.4±2.5
NITBUT (s)*	8.5±2.8	14.7±2.8
TMH (mm)	0.21±0.08	0.27±0.05
PRT (mm)	29.8±5.3	29.3±3.8
TF grade*	2.0±1.1	0.7±0.6

Note: *Statistically significant value at P<0.05.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; OSDI, ocular surface disease index; NITBUT, non-invasive tear break-up time; TMH, tear meniscus height; PRT, phenol red thread; TF, tear ferning.

Table 2 The correlation between age, and the BMI, OSDI, NITBUT, TMH, PRT, and TF scores within the study group (n=20)

Correlation	Age	BMI	OSDI	NITBUT	TMH	PRT	TF
Age
r	1	0.376	0.522*	–0.410	–0.503*	–0.280	0.579**
P	—	0.102	0.018	0.071	0.024	0.232	0.007
BMI
r	0.376	1	0.165	–0.187	–0.412	–0.220	0.284
P	0.102	—	0.488	0.431	0.071	0.352	0.224
OSDI
r	0.522*	0.165	1	–0.319	–0.520*	–0.489*	0.387
P	0.018	0.488	—	0.170	0.018	0.029	0.092
NITBUT
r	–0.410	–0.187	–0.319	1	0.711**	0.384	–0.525*
P	0.071	0.431	0.170	—	0.001	0.095	0.018
TMH
r	–0.503*	–0.412	–0.520*	0.711**	1	0.566**	–0.575**
P	0.024	0.071	0.108	0.001	—	0.009	0.008
PRT
r	–0.280	–0.220	–0.489*	0.384	0.566**	1	–0.773**
P	0.232	0.352	0.029	0.095	0.009	—	0.001
TF
r	0.579**	0.284	0.387	–0.525*	–0.575**	–0.773**	1
P	0.007	0.224	0.092	0.018	0.008	0.001	—

Note: *The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed); ** The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Abbreviations: r, Pearson’s correlation coefficient; P, significance (2-tailed); BMI, body mass index; OSDI, ocular surface disease index; NITBUT, non-invasive tear break-up time; TMH, tear meniscus height; PRT, phenol red thread; TF, tear ferning.