The Effect of Home-Based Dichoptic Therapy on Young Adults with Non-Strabismic Anisometropic Amblyopia on Stereo Acuity

Figures & data

Table 1 Selection Criteria for Study Participants for the Amblyopic and Control Groups

Selection Criteria
Inclusion		Exclusion
IExperimental	Control
Adults with non-strabismic anisometropic amblyopia between the ages of 18 to 35 years	Adults without micro-strabismus, strabismus, anisometropic amblyopia, eccentric fixation	Participants with a history of ocular surgery
Patients not currently undergoing any form of visual therapy	Patients not currently undergoing any form of visual therapy	Participants with color vision defects
Adults with best-corrected distance visual acuity of 0.2 Log MAR or worse and near visual acuity of N15 or worse on the amblyopic eye.^Citation4	Adults with best-corrected visual acuity of 0.00 Log MAR or better and near acuity of N5 or better on both eyes.	Participants with strabismus, micro-strabismus or eccentric fixation
Best spectacle correction must be worn full time for at least 16 weeks prior to exposure to dichoptic therapy	Best spectacle correction must be worn full time for at least 16 weeks prior to exposure to dichoptic therapy	Participants with any corneal, lenticular or retinal pathology or trauma
Adults with anisometropia of: Astigmatism >1.00 D; Hyperopia >1.00 D; Myopia >1.50 D.^Citation11	Adults with anisometropia of: Astigmatism <1.00 D; Hyperopia <1.00 D; Myopia < 1.50 D	Participants whose spectacle correction was not constantly worn for at least 16 weeks for the purpose of refractive adaptation

Table 2 Baseline Characteristics of the Control and Amblyopic Groups

	Control Group	Experimental Group
Sample size	19	19
Mean age (years)	24.10 ±5.70	24.05 ±5.74
Gender (male/female)	9/10	10/9
Moderate amblyopia (6/12- 6/36)	-	15
Severe amblyopia (poorer than 6/36)	-	4

Table 3 Change in Stereo-Acuity After Eight Weeks of Home-Based Dichoptic Therapy for the Control and Experimental (Amblyopic) Groups

Participants	N	Baseline Stereo-Acuity (Sec of Arc) Mean (SD) Median (IQR)	Stereo-Acuity at Week 8 (Sec of Arc) Mean (SD) Median (IQR)	Change in Stereo-Acuity (Sec of Arc)		Wilcoxon Sign Ranked Test	Mann–Whitney U-Test (Post Therapy)
				Mean Change (SD)	Median Change (IQR)
Control group	19	48.42 ± 9.58 50 (40;50)	48.42 ± 9.58 50 (40;50)	0.00 (3.33)	0.00 (0; 0)	P =1.00	P < 0.001
Experimental (Amblyopic) group	19	478.95 ± 212.34 400 (400;800)	133.68 ± 48.56 100.00 (100;200)	345.26 (184.85)	300 (260;600)	P < 0.001

Abbreviations: N, number; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; sec of arc, seconds of arc.

Figure 1 The change in stereoacuity for anisometropic adults between 1 and 8 weeks of home-based dichoptic therapy. Significant changes in stereoacuity were noted from week 3 of exposure to home-based dichoptic therapy and consistent to week 8.

Figure 2 The influence of the severity of anisometropia on change in stereoacuity. Stereoacuity improved more in participants with severe amblyopia compared to participants with moderate amblyopia.

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