Vision-Related Quality of Life Among Diabetic Retinopathy Patients in a Hospital-Based Population in the Sultanate of Oman

Figures & data

Table 1 Descriptive Characteristics

		Gender		Total (%)
		Male	Female
Age	25–35 years	6	4	4.58
	36–45 years	14	14	12.8
	46–55 years	29	25	24.7
	56–65 years	39	23	28.44
	66–75 years	20	32	23.85
	76–85 years	4	6	4.58
	More than 85	2	0	0.92
Qualification	Primary school	58	58	53.2
	Secondary school	41	28	31.65
	Graduate	11	11	10.09
	Post-graduate	4	7	5.05
Marital status	Single	5	7	5.50
	Married	103	66	77.52
	Divorced	0	2	0.92
	Widowed	6	29	16.06
DM type	Type 1	16	8	11.00
	Type 2	98	96	89.00
DR Stage	Mild NPDR	28	32	26.6
	Moderate NPDR	16	14	13.76
	Severe NPDR	14	12	11.47
	PDR	56	46	46.78
Duration of DM	1 to 10 years	26	17	19.72
	11 to 20 years	55	54	50.00
	21 to 30 years	30	31	27.97
	31 to 40 years	2	2	1.82
	41 to 50 years	1	0	0.49
Total		114 (52.3%)	104 (47.7%)	218 (100)

Table 2 Quality of Life Scores for the Study Groups

Domains	Overall Mean ± SD	Male Mean ± SD	Female Mean ± SD
General Health	38.07 ± 24.5	37.06± 23.6	39.18± 25.5
General vision	38.42 ± 25.5	37.06± 24.3	39.90± 26.9
Ocular pain	38.07 ± 24.2	37.06± 22.6	39.18± 25.6
Near vision	43.04 ± 22.4	41.98± 21.1	44.20± 23.7
Distant vision	46.06 ± 21.9	44.74± 22	47.52± 21.8
Peripheral vision	44.95 ± 22.6	44.08± 22.4	45.91± 22.9
Social functioning	38.30 ± 23.7	37.72± 23.8	38.94± 23.6
Color vision	41.74 ± 24	40.79± 24	42.79± 24.1
Driving	46.39 ± 21.9	44.52± 22	48.44± 21.7
Role difficulties	37.27 ± 22.7	36.40± 22.3	38.22± 23.1
Mental health	41.80 ± 17	40.90± 16.9	42.79± 17.2
Dependency	39.72 ± 23.4	38.82± 234	40.71± 23.4
Overall QoL	41.53 ± 20.8	40.44± 20.2	42.73± 21.4

Table 3 Significance of the Associated Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy Related Quality-of-Life Score

Domains (P value)	Age	Gender	DM Duration	Qualification	Marital Status	DM Type	DR Stage
General Health	0.01	0.52	0.02	<0.001	0.00	0.06	<0.001
General vision	0.08	0.41	0.33	<0.001	0.01	0.10	<0.001
Ocular pain	0.04	0.52	<0.001	<0.001	0.01	0.07	<0.001
Near vision	0.04	0.47	0.06	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Distant vision	0.03	0.35	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Peripheral vision	0.05	0.55	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Social functioning	0.01	0.70	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.05	<0.001
Color vision	0.03	0.54	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.07	<0.001
Driving	0.05	0.19	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Role difficulties	0.03	0.56	0.85	<0.001	0.01	0.02	<0.001
Mental health	0.02	0.41	0.02	<0.001	<0.001	0.05	<0.001
Independency	0.04	0.55	0.14	<0.001	0.02	0.05	<0.001
Overall QoL	0.02	0.42	0.06	<0.001	0.02	0.01	<0.001

Data Sharing Statement

The datasets utilized and analysed in the present study are accessible from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, subject to the original HREC/S restrictions for use.