The prognostic roles of ALDH1 isoenzymes in gastric cancer

Figures & data

Table 1 Alternatively spliced variants and characterization of ALDH1 isoenzymes

Isoenzymes	Alternatively spliced variants	Cellular localization	Tissue distribution	Associated diseases
ALDH1A1	ALDH1A1_v2	Cytosol	Brain, breast, Lung, pancreas, kidney, liver, etc	Alcoholism
ALDH1A2	ALDH1A2 v2 ALDH1A2_v3 ALDH1A2_v4	Cytosol	Kidney, liver, testis	Schizophrenia, spina bifida
ALDH1A3	ALDH1A3_v2	Cytosol	Breast, skeletal muscle, lung, kidney, etc	Autosomal recessive anophthalmia/microphthalmia
ALDH1B1	N/A	Mitochondria	Liver, heart, kidney, brain, prostate	Alcohol consumption and diabetes
ALDH1L1	N/A	Cytosol	Kidney, liver, skeletal muscle	Ischemic stroke
ALDH1L2	ALDH1L2 v2 ALDH1L2_v2	Mitochondria	Brain, heart, pancreas	N/A

Abbreviation: N/A, not applicable.

Figure 1 The prognostic value of ALDH1A1 expression in the database.

Notes: The valid Affymetrix ID is 212224_at (ALDH1A1). (A) Survival curves are plotted for all patients (n=593), HR =0.86 (95% CI: 0.7–1.05). (B) Survival curves are plotted for intestinal type (n=186), HR =0.72 (95% CI: 0.49–1.04). (C) Survival curves are plotted for diffuse type (n=106), HR =1.52 (95% CI: 0.87–2.66).
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 2 The prognostic value of ALDH1A2 expression in the database.

Notes: The valid gene Affymetrix ID is: 207015_s_at (ALDH1A2). (A) Survival curves are plotted for all patients (n=593), HR =1.13 (95% CI: 0.91–1.41). (B) Survival curves are plotted for intestinal type (n=186), HR =1.47 (95% CI: 0.99–2.19). (C) Survival curves are plotted for diffuse type (n=106), HR =0.59 (95% CI: 0.36–0.97).
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 3 The prognostic value of ALDH1A3 expression in the database.

Notes: The valid gene Affymetrix ID is: 203180_at (ALDH1A3). (A) Survival curves are plotted for all patients (n=593), HR =1.19 (95% CI: 0.97–1.46). (B) Survival curves are plotted for intestinal type (n=186), HR =2.24 (95% CI: 1.44–3.49). (C) Survival curves are plotted for diffuse type (n=106), HR =1.91 (95% CI: 1.02–3.59).
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 4 The prognostic value of ALDH1B1 expression in the database.

Notes: The valid gene Affymetrix ID is: 209646_x_at (ALDH1B1). (A) Survival curves are plotted for all patients (n=593), HR =0.66 (95% CI: 0.53–0.81). (B) Survival curves are plotted for intestinal type (n=186), HR =0.7 (95% CI: 0.48–1.02). (C) Survival curves are plotted for diffuse type (n=106), HR =1.41 (95% CI: 0.82–2.41).
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 5 The prognostic value of ALDH1L1 expression in the database.

Notes: The valid gene Affymetrix ID is: 205208_at (ALDH1L1). (A) Survival curves are plotted for all patients (n=593), HR =1.23 (95% CI: 1–1.51). (B) Survival curves are plotted for intestinal type (n=186), HR =1.44 (95% CI: 0.97–2.16). (C) Survival curves are plotted for diffuse type (n=106), HR =0.5 (95% CI: 0.31–0.83).
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Table 2 Correlation of ALDH1 isoenzyme mRNA high expression with pathological grades of patients with GC

Isoenzymes	Pathological grades	Cases	HR (95% CI)	P-value
ALDH1A1	I	32	0.6 (0.22–1.65)	0.32
	II	67	0.77 (0.4–1.49)	0.43
	III	165	1.49 (1.0–2.23)	0.51
ALDH1A2	I	32	1.53 (0.63–3.69)	0.34
	II	67	1.76 (0.91–3.44)	0.09
	III	165	1.53 (1.03–2.29)	0.035
ALDH1A3	I	32	3.62 (1.48–8.88)	0.0027
	II	67	2.51 (1.3–4.85)	0.0048
	III	165	1.8 (1.2–2.7)	0.0041
ALDH1B1	I	32	0.37 (0.15–0.92)	0.026
	II	67	1.57 (0.74–3.35)	0.24
	III	165	1.29 (0.86–1.93)	0.22
ALDH1L1	I	32	4.55 (1.33–15.57)	0.0082
	II	67	2.19 (0.94–5.09)	0.064
	III	165	0.61 (0.4–0.92)	0.016

Abbreviations: GC, gastric cancer; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Table 3 Correlation of ALDH1 isoenzyme mRNA high expression with clinical stages of patients with GC

Isoenzymes	Clinical stages	Cases	HR (95% CI)	P-value
ALDH1A1	1	67	0.6 (0.17–2.15)	0.43
	2	140	2.35 (1.12–4.96)	0.021
	3	305	0.63 (0.46–0.86)	0.0032
	4	148	0.48 (0.32–0.73)	0.00043
ALDH1A2	1	67	1.95 (0.44–8.65)	0.37
	2	140	0.7 (0.38–1.29)	0.24
	3	305	1.35 (1–1.83)	0.047
	4	148	1.36 (0.92–1.99)	0.12
ALDH1A3	1	67	4.66 (0.61–35.4)	0.1
	2	140	2.92 (1.6–5.35)	0.00028
	3	305	1.54 (1.16–2.06)	0.0027
	4	148	1.6 (1.08–2.36)	0.018
ALDH1B1	1	67	0.2 (0.08–0.54)	0.00044
	2	140	0.56 (0.28–1.14)	0.11
	3	305	0.57 (0.41–0.77)	0.00029
	4	148	1.96 (1.2–3.19)	0.0062
ALDH1L1	1	67	2.17 (0.49–9.61)	0.3
	2	140	3.17 (1.52–6.61)	0.0012
	3	305	1.79 (1.24–2.56)	0.0014
	4	148	1.58 (1.06–2.37)	0.024

Abbreviations: GC, gastric cancer; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Table 4 Correlation of ALDH1 isoenzyme mRNA high expression with HER2 status of patients with GC

Isoenzymes	HER2 status	Cases	HR (95% CI)	P-value
ALDH1A1	Negative	532	0.7 (0.56–0.88)	0.0018
	Positive	344	0.89 (0.69–1.16)	0.4
ALDH1A2	Negative	532	1.47 (1.13–1.9)	0.0039
	Positive	344	1.23 (0.93–1.65)	0.15
ALDH1A3	Negative	532	1.68 (1.34–2.11)	5.9e–06
	Positive	344	1.6 (1.23–2.07)	0.00038
ALDH1B1	Negative	532	0.8 (0.64–1.01)	0.064
	Positive	344	0.58 (0.44–0.76)	4.6e–05
ALDH1L1	Negative	532	1.92 (1.46–2.51)	1.5e–06
	Positive	344	1.42 (1.1–1.85)	0.0072

Abbreviations: GC, gastric cancer; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Table 5 Correlation of ALDH1 isoenzyme mRNA high expression with different treatments of patients with GC

Isoenzymes	Treatment	Cases	HR (95% CI)	P-value
ALDH1A1	Surgery alone	380	0.81 (0.59–1.11)	0.19
	5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy	153	0.7 (0.49–0.99)	0.042
ALDH1A2	Surgery alone	380	1.31 (0.97–1.77)	0.076
	5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy	153	0.75 (0.52–1.08)	0.12
ALDH1A3	Surgery alone	380	2.08 (1.54–2.81)	8.9e–07
	5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy	153	0.65 (0.44–0.97)	0.033
ALDH1B1	Surgery alone	380	1.26 (0.93–1.71)	0.13
	5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy	153	0.56 (0.39–0.81)	0.0015
ALDH1L1	Surgery alone	380	1.75 (1.24–2.46)	0.0013
	5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy	153	0.77 (0.54–1.1)	0.15

Abbreviations: 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil; GC, gastric cancer; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.